1 Progenitor Lapithus (or Lapithes)
In 1387 BC, Aeolus and Stilbe had a son, Lapithus. [1]
Aeolus was the son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen, son of Deucalion, and lived in Arne of Thessaly. [2]
Stilbe was the daughter of Peneius, son of Tectamus, son of Dorus, son of Hellen, son of Deucalion, and lived in Doris, north of the Peneius River. [3]
So Lapithus was born to Aeolian father and Dorian mother.
In 1365 BC, Lapithus migrated from Arne to the land beyond the Peneius River. [4]
Lapithus married Orsinome, the daughter of Eurynomus, and they had three sons, Periphas, Lesbos, and Phorbas, and a daughter, Diomede. [5]
Eurynomus' lineage is unknown, but Lapithus' mother Stilbe was a Dorian, so Eurynomus is thought to have been a Dorian as well.
Lapithus may have had another son named Aeolus.
2 Birthplace of Lapiths
The settlement of Lapithus is presumed to have been on land disputed by the Dorians and Lapiths during the time of Heracles, that is, land west of Gyrton. [6]
To the west of the land was Doris, inhabited by the Dorians, whose founder was Dorus, the son of Hellen, the son of Deucalion.
That is, Lapithus settled from Arne between his mother's hometown of Doris and the lands east of it inhabited by the Aenianians and Perrhaebians.
3 Periphas, son of Lapithus
Periphas married Astyaguia, daughter of Hypseus, son of Peneius, and they had eight sons. His descendants grew in power and became known as the Lapiths. [7]
Of his eight sons, only Antion appears in historical sources. [8]
It is believed that he also had two sons, Elatus and Andraemon.
3.1 Antion, son of Periphas
Antion married Perimela, daughter of Amythaon, of Phyllus in Thessaly, and they had a son, Ixion. [9]
Ixion also had a half-brother, Phlegyas. [10]
3.1.1 Ixion (or Gyrton), son of Antion
Ixion married Dia, the daughter of Eioneus (or Deioneus), son of Magnes, who lived near Mount Olympus, and they had a son, Peirithous (or Pirithous, Perithous). [11]
Ixion, along with Phlegyas, expelled the Perrhaebians living in the Peneius River Valley. [12]
Ixion and Dia had a common ancestor, Aeolus, son of Hippotes of Arne.
Ixion had another wife, Nephele. [13]
Nephele was a Centaurian woman who had two sons with Ixion, Eurytion and Imbrus. [14]
3.1.1.1 Peirithous, son of Ixion
During the time of Peirithous, the Lapiths under his command spread widely across the Peneius River Valley, displacing the Aenianians, Perrhaebians, and Centaurs. [15]
In addition to Dia, Ixion also had a wife named Nephele, from whom it is said that a half-human, half-animal race called Centaurs was born. [16]
The Centaurs were Thessalians who rode naked horses. They were chased by the Lapiths and migrated to Arcadia, but were destroyed by Heracles because they were bandits. [17]
Peirithous married Hippodameia, daughter of Butes, son of Teleon, son of Pandion, 8th king of Athens. Theseus, the tenth king of Athens, was also invited to their feast. [18]
Peirithous' wife Hippodameia was the daughter of Theseus' paternal cousin.
Peirithous and Theseus were also close friends. [19]
Later, when the descendants of Peirithous were driven from Thessaly, they were accepted into Athens by virtue of the friendship of their former ancestors. The descendants of Peirithous became the tribe of Oineis, one of the ten tribes of Athens. [20]
3.1.1.2 Eurytion, son of Ixion
Eurytion was the leader of the Centaurs and fought against the Lapiths. [21]
3.1.2 Phlegyas, son of Antion
Phlegyas lived in Amyrus near the Boebian lake on the plain of Dotium.
Phlegyas, along with Ixion, drove out the Perrhaebians and founded Gyrton. [22]
The inhabitants of Gyrton were originally called Phlegyae, after Phlegyas, but became known as Gyrtonians. [23]
Gyrton is said to have been named after Phlegyas' brother Gyrton. [24]
However, Gyrton may have been another name for Ixion, as Ixion and his son Peirithous ruled Gyrton. [25]
Thus, in Phlegyas' time, the town was called Phlegyas, but when Ixion succeeded Phlegyas, the town became known as Gyrton.
Phlegyas had his son Eilatidas and daughter Coronis. [26]
3.1.2.1 Eilatidas, son of Phlegyas
Coronis (or Epione), daughter of Eilatidas, married Asclepius of Tricca. [27]
Since Eilatidas did not succeed his father Phlegyas and Ixion succeeded Phlegyas, it is assumed that Eilatidas died before his father.
3.1.2.2 Coronis, daughter of Phlegyas
Coronis married Ischys, son of Elatus, who lived in Tricca, and she gave birth to Asclepius (or Aesculapius), the god of medicine. [28]
3.2 Elatus, believed to be the son of Periphas
Polyphemus, the son of Elatus, was a Lapith, and the descendants of Elatus lived in Larissa and Gyrton. [29]
It is therefore presumed that Elatus was the son of Periphas, son of Lapithus. [30]
Elatus had four sons, Caeneus, Ampycus, Polyphemus, and Ischys, and two daughters, Dotia and Caenis.
3.2.1 Caeneus, son of Elatus
Coronus, son of Caeneus, was killed in a battle between the Dorians and the Lapiths by Heracles who sided with the Dorians. [31]
Lysidice, a descendant of Caeneus, married Ajax (or Aias), son of Telamon, and Philaeus (or Philius) was born. [32]
Herodotus is incorrect in two places when he says that Cypselus, son of Eetion of Corinth, was a descendant of Philaeus. [33]
The paternal ancestor of Cypselus of Corinth was Melas, son of Antasus. [34]
Also, Cypselus' maternal ancestor was Aletes, the first ruler of Dorian Corinth. [35]
Herodotus writes that Cypselus, the father of Miltiades of Athens, was a descendant of Philaeus, confusing Cypselus of Athens with Cypselus of Corinth. [36]
3.2.2 Ampycus, son of Elatus
Ampycus migrated to Oechalia, founded by his cousin Melaneus, son of Aeolus. [37]
Melaneus moved to Messenia, and Ampycus seems to have moved to Oechalia, where there were fewer inhabitants, and rebuilt the town. [38]
Ampycus was a seer along with his son Mopsus. It is assumed that the person who taught him the art of divination was Melampus, the brother of Perimela, the wife of Antion, uncle of Ampycus. [39]
3.2.2.1 Mopsus, son of Ampycus
Mopsus migrated north-northeast from Oechalia and founded Mopsium near Gyrton. [40]
Mopsus appears in the story of the Argonauts' expedition. [41]
3.2.3 Polyphemus, son of Elatus
Polyphemus lived in Larissa and appears in story of the Argonauts' expedition. [42]
3.2.4 Ischys, son of Elatus
Ischys married Phlegyas' daughter Coronis from Gyrton, and they had a son, Asclepius (or Aesculapius). [43]
Coronis grew in Amyrus on the banks of Boebian lake in the plains of Dotium. [44]
Ischys then moved to Tricca.
Tricca was a town named after Tricca, daughter of Peneius, son of Tectamus, son of Dorus, and was inhabited by the Dorians. [45]
When Ischys moved to Tricca, Autolycus, the son of Deimachus, who had been living in the town, moved to Sinope on the southern coast of the Black Sea. [46]
After the Dorian Autolycus, the Lapith Ischys lived in Tricca, but many of the town's inhabitants appear to have been Dorians. Tricca does not appear in the later battle between Heracles and Lapiths.
3.2.4.1 Asclepius, son of Ischys
Tradition has it that Asclepius was born in Epidaurus of Argolis. [47]
The mother of Phlegyas, the grandfather of Asclepius, was a native of Epidaurus. [48]
It is thought that the people of Epidaurus believed in Asclepius, who had ties to the town, and the legend that Asclepius was born there was born.
Strabo tells us that Asclepius was born on the banks of the Lethaeus River, which flows through Tricca in Thessaly. [49]
Tricca was home to the oldest shrine of Asclepius. [50]
3.2.4.1.1 Asclepius and medicine
It was the Egyptian Apis who brought medicine to Greece. [51]
Apis accompanied Acrisius of Argos from Egypt and came to Nauplia, near Argos. [52]
The wife of Amyclas, brother of Eurydice, wife of Acrisius, was Diomede, daughter of Lapithus. [53]
In other words, it seems that the Lapiths were the first to master the medical techniques introduced from Egypt.
Asclepius further advanced his medical techniques. [54]
3.2.4.1.2 Machaon, son of Asclepius
3.2.4.1.2.1 Machaon's wife Anticleia
Machaon took as his wife Anticleia, daughter of Diocles, from Pharae of Messenia. [55]
Their homes, Tricca in northern Thessaly, and Pharae in Messenia were more than 280 km apart in a straight line.
It is presumed that the marriage between the Lapiths and the Pelasgians was established as follows.
When Neleus' son Nestor inherited Messenia, there were some inhabitants (Lapiths) who did not want to obey him. [56]
Nestor attempted to use the influence of the Lapith magnates in Thessaly to force the Lapiths into submission.
At this time, Diocles, son of Ortilochus of Pharae in Messenia, also felt threatened by Tyndareus of Sparta. [57]
Therefore, Nestor, the leader of Messenia, tried to gain the support of the Lapiths by marrying Diocles' daughter Anticleia to an influential Lapith and acting as an intermediary for her.
Shortly before this, most of the Lapiths of Thessaly lost their power in battle with Heracles, and only Asclepius of Tricca remained in power. [58]
In 1208 BC, Nestor traveled all the way to Tricca and was welcomed by Asclepius. [59]
Asclepius had two sons, Machaon and Podalirus, but Podalirus was not of marriageable age. Machaon already had three sons, but decided to marry Anticleia. [60]
Machaon, as a military doctor, led warriors from Trica, Ithome, and Oechalia against Troy, but was slain by Eurypylus, son of Telephus of Mysia. [61]
3.2.4.1.2.2 Descendants of Machaon
Machaon's sons with his first wife, Polemocrates, Alexander, and Sphyrus, lived in Argolis. Anticleia's two sons, Nicomachus and Gorgasus, succeeded their grandfather Diocles and lived in Pharae of Messenia. [62]
Nicomachus, a descendant of Nicomachus, married Phaestis, a descendant of one of the leaders who led the colony from Chalcis in Euboea to Stageira near the Chalcidice peninsula, and they had a son, Aristotle. [63]
3.2.4.1.3 Podalirus (or Podalirius, Podaleirius), son of Asclepius
3.2.4.1.3.1 Founding of Syrnus
Podalirus is said to have taken part in the expedition to Troy, and on his way back he veered off course and drifted ashore in Caria, whereupon he settled in Syrnus. [64]
However, since Nestor brought back Machaon's remains, I can infer the following. Podalirus learned that Thessaly had been taken by the Thesprotians and lost his homeland. So, he entrusted the remains of his brother Machaon to Nestor, who was the intermediary between Machaon and Anticleia.
Podalirus, together with the seer Calchas, Polypoetes, son of Peirithous, and Leonteus, son of Coronus, sought a settlement in Asia Minor. [65]
Polypoetes and Leonteus settled in Colophon. [66]
Podalirus married Syrna, daughter of Damaethus, of Bybastus in Caria, ruled by Damaethus, who was presumed to be the son of Staphylus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos. Podalirus then founded Syrnus, named after his wife. [67]
3.2.4.1.3.2 Descendants of Podalirus
The medical descendants of Asclepius' son Podalirus continued to live on the island of Cos near Syrnus. Hippocrates, the father of medicine in the early 4th century BC, was the 20th descendant of Heracles and the 19th descendant of Asclepius. [68]
Descendants of Heracles' son Thessalus (or Thettalus) lived on the island of Cos, and it is thought that they were related by marriage to the descendants of Podalirus, who lived in Syrnus.
Hippocrates was friend with Perdiccas, king of Macedonia. [69]
Hippocrates, son of Draco, son of Hippocrates, cured Roxane, who was imprisoned after the death of Alexander the Great, and was killed by Cassander, son of Antipater. [70]
3.2.5 Dotia, daughter of Elatus
Dotia is said to have given her name to Dotium in Thessaly, and she likely resided on or near the plains of Dotium. [71]
3.2.6 Caenis, daughter of Elatus
Caenis also appears to have lived on or near the plains of Dotium, northeast of Thessaly. [72]
4 Lesbos, son of Lapithus
In 1350 BC, Lesbos led a colony to the island of Pelasgia, which had already been settled by his uncle Macareus, and married Macareus' daughter Methyma. [73]
After the settlement of Macareus, the island of Pelasgia was also called the home of Macareus, but it became known as the island of Lesbos, after the name of Lesbos. [74]
5 Phorbas, son of Lapithus
In 1320 BC, Phorbas moved from Thessaly to Rhodes with a colony at the invitation of the inhabitants of Rhodes. [75]
The person who invited Phorbas to Rhodes was probably Leucippus, the son of Macareus, who had migrated from Lesbos to Rhodes some time before, or his son, in order to oppose the natives.
Leucippus and Phorbas were cousins whose common grandfather was Aeolus, son of Hippotes.
In 1310 BC, Phorbas was invited by Alector, king of Elis, who feared the growing power of Pelops of Pisa, to take charge of Olenus in the northwest of Peloponnesus, and he relocated again. [76]
Phorbas already had a daughter, Pronoe, before moving to Rhodes.
After Phorbas moved to Olenus, he married Hyrmina, daughter of Epeius of Elis, and they had a son, Actor, and a daughter, Astydameia. Dexamenus also appears to be a son of Phorbas. [77]
5.1 Pronoe, daughter of Phorbas
Pronoe was married to Aetolus, son of Endymion of Elis, before Phorbas migrated to Rhodes. [78]
Pronoe and Aetolus were second cousins whose great-grandfather was Aeolus, son of Hippotes of Arne in Thessaly. Eurycyda, the wife of Alector, king of Elis, who entrusted Olenus to Phorbas, was the sister of Aetolus, the husband of Pronoe. [79]
In other words, Phorbas was invited by his daughter's brother-in-law Alector.
5.2 Actor, son of Phorbas
In 1285 BC, Actor moved from Olenus to near the sea west of Elis and founded Hyrmina, named after his mother. [80]
Actor took as his wife Molione, daughter of Molus, from Pleuron, and they had twin sons, Cteatus and Eurytus. [81]
Hipponous, son of Dexamenus, brother of Actor and ruler of Olenus in Achaia, founded Olenus between Pleuron and Calydon in Aetolia.
He was able to build a town in a foreign land because Molione, the wife of Hipponous's uncle Actor, was from Pleuron. [82]
5.2.1 Actor's twin sons
The twin sons of Actor each took as wives the twin daughters of Dexamenus from Olenus, Theronice and Theraephone. Cteatus and Theronice had a son, Amphimachus, and Eurytus and Theraephone had a son, Thalpius. [83]
Cteatus and Eurytus were appointed generals to lead the army by Augeas of Elis, who learned that Heracles was preparing to attack Elis. [84]
The brothers were brave warriors, and Heracles attacked Elis, but after many defeats, they called a truce without knowing who would win. [85]
When the brothers learned that Heracles was sick, they attacked and killed many. [86]
Among them was Heracles' half-brother Iphicles. [87]
Heracles, whose truce had been broken and his relatives killed, attacked and killed his brother at Cleonae in Argolis, who was on his way from Hyrmina in Eleia to Isthmus. [88]
It is said that 360 Cleonaeans who joined Heracles were killed in this attack.
However, it is believed that the attack was carried out by a small group of people, as the brothers' mother, Molione, is said to have been searching for the culprit. [89]
Cleonae was a town founded by Atreus, the son of Pelops, and where Atreus lived at the time.
It is assumed that Atreus cooperated with Heracles, son of Alcmena, daughter of Eurydice (or Lysidice), daughter of Pelops. [90]
5.2.1.1 Amphimachus, son of Cteatus
Amphimachus succeeded to the throne of Elis after Augeas' death, together with Augeas's son Agasthenes and his cousin Thalpius. [91]
Amphimachus, along with Polyxenus, son of Agasthenes, and his cousin Thalpius, took part in the expedition to Troy with the army of Elis. [92]
5.2.1.2 Thalpius, son of Eurytus
Thalpius, along with Polyxenus, son of Agasthenes, and his cousin Amphimachus, led the army of Elis in the expedition to Troy. [93]
5.3 Astydameia, daughter of Phorbas
Astydameia married Pyrgeus, ruler of Phigalia in Arcadia, upstream of the Neda River from Olenus on the border of Eleia and Messenia, and she bore him a son, Lepreus. [94]
Lepreus was a descendant of Caucon, son of Lycaon of Arcadia, and may have been a Caucones (Arcadians). [95]
Caucon's tomb was located in Lepreus, south of Eleia. Caucon led his clan and lived widely from Phigalia in Arcadia to southern Eleia, and Lepreus appears to have been its center. [96]
5.3.1 Lepreus, son of Astydameia
In 1265 BC, Lepreus migrated from Phigalia to southern Eleia and founded Lepreus. Lepreus is said to have sided with Augeas of Elis and was killed by Heracles. [97]
However, the tomb of Lepreus was located in Phigalia of Arcadia.
Lepreus was also a town founded in southern Eleia by the Minyans after the return of the Heracleidae. Therefore, the fact that Lepreus, the son of Astydameia, founded Lepreus and the anecdote between him and Heracles seem to be a later creation. [98]
In 1250 BC, the Caucones who lived in Lepreus could no longer endure the tyranny of Lepreus and moved to Lycia. [99]
5.4 Dexamenus, possibly the son of Phorbas
There is no direct historical evidence that Dexamenus was the son of Phorbas. However, the following suggests that Dexamenus was the son of Phorbas.
1) The twin sons of Actor, son of Phorbas, married the twin daughters of Dexamenus. [100]
In other words, Dexamenus' father and Phorbas were of the same generation.
2) Phorbas and Dexamenus ruled Olenus. [101]
5.4.1 Twin daughters of Dexamenus
Theronice and Theraephone were married to the twin sons of Actor of Hyrmina, near the west coast of Eleia from Olenus. Theronice bore a son Amphimachus with Cteatus, and Theraephone bore a son Thalpius with Eurytus. [102]
5.4.2 Mnesimache (or Hippolyte, Dejanira), daughter of Dexamenus
Mnesimache has a lore with Eurytion of Centaur. [103]
5.4.3 Eurypylus, son of Dexamenus
Tradition has it that Eurypylus took part in Heracles' expedition to Ilium. [104]
5.4.4 Hipponous, possibly the son of Dexamenus
The 1st century AD mythological writer Apollodorus tells us that Oeneus of Calydon captured Olenus and took Periboea, the daughter of Hipponous, as spoils of war. [105]
This battle appears to have been one between Calydon and Pleuron, but it is unlikely that Olenus of Achaia sided with Pleuron across the sea. The Olenus here was the Olenus of Aetolia, which was between Calydon and Pleuron. [106]
In 1265 BC, Hipponous migrated from Olenus in Achaia to Aetolia and founded Olenus. [107]
It appears that Hipponous was able to establish a town near Pleuron through his relationship with his aunt-in-law, Molione. [108]
6 Diomede, daughter of Lapithus
Diomede married Amyclas, son of Lacedaemon, and bore her sons who ruled over Sparta and Amyclas. [109]
It is believed that Acrisius of Argos was the one who brought together the distant men and women of Lacedaemon and Thessaly. Acrisius, the husband of Amyclas' sister Eurydice, was acquainted with Lapithus during the organization of the Amphictyons. Acrisius seems to have brokered a marriage between his brother-in-law Amyclas and Lapithus' daughter Diomede. [110]
7 Aeolus, thought to be the son of Lapithus
Aeolus is presumed to be the son of Lapithus for the following reasons.
1) Ormenus, son of Cercaphus, son of Aeolus, and Amyntor, his son, were attacked and killed by Heracles. [111]
The battle with Ormenus occurred during the battle between Heracles and the Lapiths, and Ormenus appears to have been a member of the Lapiths.
2) When creating a genealogy, there are only 20 years of birth between Aeolus and Lapithus, the founder of Lapiths.
Therefore, it is assumed that Aeolus was the son of Lapithus.
Aeolus lived near the river Peneius and had two sons, Cercaphus and Perieres, and two daughters, Perimede and Pisidice. [112]
It is also assumed that Aeolus had a son named Melaneus. [113]
7.1 Cercaphus, son of Aeolus
In 1293 BC, Cercaphus emigrated from the vicinity of the Peneius River to Itonus, took as his wife Eupolemeia, daughter of Myrmidon from Phthia, and had a son, Ormenus. [114]
Cercaphus entered Phthia through the marriage of his sister Pisidice to Myrmidon. [115]
Aethalides, son of Eupolemeia, daughter of Myrmidon, joined the expedition of the Argonauts from near the Amphrysus River in Phthia.
It was in Itonus that Aethalides lived, and he was the successor of Cercaphus. [116]
7.1.1 Aethalides, likely son of Cercaphus
Aethalides inherited Itonus from his father, and took as his wife Pelopia, daughter of Pelias of Iolcus, by whom he had a son, Cycnus (or Cygnus). [117]
Cycnus was attacked and killed by Heracles. [118]
7.1.2 Ormenus (or Ormenius), son of Cercaphus
In 1236 BC, the Minyans of Iolcus rebelled and destroyed the town. [119]
In 1235 BC, Ormenus migrated from Iolcus to the eastern side of Iolcus and founded Ormenion. [120]
In 1227 BC, Ormenus was attacked by Heracles and killed along with his son Amyntor. [121]
Ormenus had two sons, Amyntor and Euaemon, and a daughter, Astydameia (or Astydamia).
7.1.2.1 Amyntor, son of Ormenus
In 1230 BC, Amyntor's son Phoenix, due to a dispute between his father and son, defected to Peleus, ruler of Phthia, and was given Dolopia. [122]
Peleus was the son of Aeacus, son of Actor, brother of Eupolemeia, mother of Ormenus, father of Amyntor, father of Phoenix. In other words, Peleus was a second cousin of Phoenix's father, Amyntor.
In 1227 BC, Amyntor was killed along with his father Ormenius fighting against Heracles who attacked Ormenion. [123]
Phoenix commanded the Fourth Corps on an expedition to Troy and was one of Achilles' five generals. [124]
After returning from Troy, Phoenix joined Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles, and died near Thermopylae on his way to a new world. [125]
7.1.2.2 Euaemon, son of Ormenus
Euaemon and his son Eurypylus lived in Ormenion, and Eurypylus inherited Ormenion after his uncle Amyntor died and his son Phoenix left the town. [126]
Eurypylus campaigned against Troy, but lost his homeland to the Thesprotians and settled in Patrae of Achaia. There is no link between Eurypylus and Patrae, and the location may have been chosen according to the oracle of Delphi, as per tradition. [127]
7.1.2.3 Astydameia, daughter of Ormenus
Astydameia was taken prisoner by Heracles, who attacked Ormenion, and with Heracles she bore her son Ctesippus. [128]
7.2 Perieres, son of Aeolus
In 1310 BC, Perieres was invited from Andania in Messenia, where their heirs had died, and he migrated to Andania from the vicinity of the Peneius River. [129]
Polycaon, son of Lelex of Lacedaemon, founded Andania with the help of a large number of people from Argos, the birthplace of his wife Messene. [130]
The inhabitants of Andania were the Achaeans, who had migrated from Thessaly to the area around Argos some time ago with the sons of Achaeus. [131]
Andania was a branch of Lacedaemon. However, the inhabitants began to call their region Messenia, after Polycaon's wife Messene, rather than Lacedaemon. When the descendants of Polycaon died out, the inhabitants sought an heir not from Lacedaemon, but from Thessaly. [132]
Perieres married Perseus' daughter Gorgophone, and they had two sons, Aphareus and Leucippus. [133]
Perieres died shortly after Leucippus was born. At that time, it was customary for widows to pass through widowhood, but Gorgophone remarried Oebalus, son of Aigalus of Sparta. [134]
Pausanias reports that Gorgophone was the first woman to remarry, contrary to custom. [135]
But before Gorgophone, there is another example: [136]
1) Europa, daughter of Phoenix, who remarried Asterius, son of Tectamus.
2) Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus, who remarried Cretheus, son of Aeolus.
7.2.1 Aphareus, son of Perieres
Aphareus migrated from Andania to the west coast and founded the Arena. Arena was the daughter of Aphareus's mother, Gorgophone, who remarried, and was the name of Aphareus' wife. [137]
Pausanias tells us that his cousin Neleus fled to Aphareus from Iolcus of Thessaly and gave him land by the sea, including Pylus. [138]
However, Pausanias elsewhere states that Pylus, where Neleus lived, was not in Messenia, but near Elis in Eleia. [139]
Pausanias also mistakenly believes that Perieres was the son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes. Although Aphareus and Neleus were contemporaries, it seems likely that they never met.
Two sons were born to Aphareus and Arena, Idas and Lynceus. [140]
7.2.1.1 Idas, son of Aphareus
When Idas came of age, Tyndareus of Sparta came to the Arena with the help of his half-brother Aphareus. [141]
Tyndareus then emigrated to Thestius of Pleuron in Aetolia, and Idas went with him. [142]
At Pleuron, Tyndareus married Leda, daughter of Thestius, and Idas married Marpessa, daughter of Evenus. [143]
Idas lived in Aetolia until his daughter Cleopatra (or Halcyone) married Meleager, son of Oeneus of Calydon. Meanwhile, a conflict broke out between Pleuron and Calydon, with Tyndareus fighting Pleuron and Idas fighting Calydon.
After Aphareus' death, Idas returned to the Arena to succeed his father. [144]
Tyndareus then returned to Sparta with his two sons, Castor and Polydeuces (or Pollux). [145]
Tyndareus and Idas brought the rivalry of Pleuron and Calydon to Peloponnesus, and it became a conflict with Laconia and Messenia. [146]
First, Tyndareus attacked Leucippus in Andania. The two sons of Tyndareus, Castor and Polydeuces, took as wives the two daughters of the captured Leucippus. [147]
The attack on Andania appears to have been motivated by the fact that the town was founded by Polycaon, son of Lelex of Lacedaemon. [148]
Next Tyndareus attacked Oechalia, near Andania, and drove Eurytus, son of Melaneus, out of the town. [149]
As Tyndareus gradually expanded into Messenia, Idas kidnapped Tyndareus' daughter Helen and gave her to Theseus in Athens. [150]
Idas and Theseus' friend Peirithous were members of the same tribe whose common ancestor was Aeolus' son Lapithus, the founder of Lapiths, and it is presumed that Idas and Theseus were also close friends. [151]
Tyndareus' two sons took Helen back. This incident led to a direct confrontation between the Idas brothers and Tyndareus and his sons, who died, leaving Tyndareus behind. [152]
7.2.1.2 Lynceus, son of Aphareus
We are not told about Lynceus' wife and children, and in a battle with the sons of Tyndareus, Lynceus was killed by Polydeuces. [153]
Philo of Byblos, of the 2nd century AD, tells us that Lynceus lived at Papae in Messenia, whose colony was in Crete. [154]
7.2.2 Leucippus, son of Perieres
Leucippus inherited Andania after his brother Aphareus moved to the coast and founded the Arena. [155]
Three daughters were born to Leucippus: Hilaira (or Hilaeira), Phoebe, and Arsinoe. [156]
Leucippus of Andania was attacked by Tyndareus, and Hilaira and Phoebe were taken captive and made wives of Castor and Polydeuces, two sons of Tyndareus. [157]
7.3 Melaneus, believed to be the son of Aeolus
The 6th century BC thinker Pherecydes attributes Melaneus' father to Arcesilaus. However, there are many differences between the contents recorded together with other historical sources, and it cannot be trusted. [158]
Melaneus seems to have been the son of Aeolus, and seems to have changed his place of residence as follows.
In 1310 BC, Melaneus founded Oechalia near Tricca.
In 1305 BC, Melaneus moved to Messenia at the behest of Perieres, who had invited him to Andania, where their successor had died, and founded Oechalia near Andania.
Perieres and Melaneus may have been brothers. [159]
Melaneus had a son, Eurytus, by his wife Oechalia (or Stratonica). [160]
The reasons why Melaneus is presumed to be the son of Aeolus are as follows.
1) Eurytus, son of Melaneus, was attacked and killed by Heracles. [161]
The battle with Eurytus occurred during the battle between Heracles and the Lapiths, and Melaneus appears to have been a member of the Lapiths.
2) When creating a genealogy, Melaneus and Lapithus, the founder of Lapiths, were born only 59 years ago.
Therefore, it is assumed that Melaneus was a grandson of Lapithus.
3) Since he is relied upon by Perieres, son of Aeolus, son of Lapithus, he seems to be Perieres' brother.
Therefore, Melaneus is presumed to be the son of Aeolus, son of Lapithus.
7.3.1 Eurytus, son of Melaneus
Eurytus was born in Oechalia of Messenia. He married Antiope, daughter of Pylo, from Nauplia in Argolis, and had six sons: Iphitus, Clytius, Deioneus (or Didaeon), Hippasus, Toxeus, Molion, and a daughter Iole (or Iolea). In 1237 BC, Eurytus was chased by Tyndareus, who had returned to Sparta from Aetolia, and moved to Euboea, where he founded Oechalia. [162]
The old name of Eretria in Euboea was Melaneis, said to have been named after Melaneus, the father of Eurytus. [163]
It is assumed that Eurytus, who migrated to Euboea, founded Melaneis, then migrated to the east-northeast and founded Oechalia.
Later, at Thessaly, the Lapiths advanced from near the Peneius River and drove the Aenianians from the plains of Dotium. Furthermore, the Lapiths drove out the Perrhaebians from Gyrton and Larissa, and also oppressed Histiaeotis, an ancient home of the Dorians and anciently called Doris. Then, Heracles helped Dorians and the battle against Lapiths began. [164]
A considerable number of the Lapiths, defeated by Heracles at Thessaly and driven from their habitation, fled to Eurytus of Oechalia in Euboea. At Euboea, the final battle between Heracles and Lapiths resulted in heavy casualties on both sides. Eurytus himself was one of them, and his three sons were also killed in the war. [165]
7.3.1.1 Iphitus, son of Eurytus
Iphitus is said to have been killed by Heracles at Tiryns by chance. [166]
At that time, Iphitus' father Eurytus was in Oechalia of Messenia, while Iphitus himself may have been in Nauplia of Argolis, the birthplace of his mother. [167]
Heracles, on the other hand, lived in Tiryns, very close to Nauplia, and is presumed to have been friends with Iphitus. Heracles repented of his sins and served for three years under Omphale of Lydia. [168]
At that time, there was a rule that a person who accidentally killed someone would go into someone else's home and serve them for a certain period of time. [169]
7.3.1.2 Clytius, son of Eurytus
It is also said that Clytius joined an expedition of Argonauts from Oechalia in Messenia and was killed by the Aeetes. [170]
However, there is also a legend that states that he died in a battle with Heracles at Oechalia in Euboea, which is more reliable. [171]
7.3.1.3 Deioneus (or Didaeon), son of Eurytus
Deioneus received Perigne, the daughter of Sinis of Isthmus, who was the wife of Theseus of Athens, to be his wife. [172]
At the time of this marriage, Deioneus may have been living in Oechalia of Messenia, but the relationship between Deioneus and Theseus is unknown.
7.3.1.4 Hippasus, son of Eurytus
Hippasus married Alcestis, daughter of Pelias of Iolcus, and they had a son, Theseus. [173]
After the death of Hippasus, his wife Alcestis remarried Admetus, son of Pheres of Pherae, taking her son Theseus with her. [174]
Theseus was raised by Admetus, but later lived near grandfather Eurytus of Euboea. [175]
7.3.1.5 Toxeus and Molion, two sons of Eurytus
Toxeus and Molion died in battle, along with his father and brothers, defending Oechalia in Euboea, which was attacked by Heracles. [176]
7.3.1.6 Iole (or Iolea), daughter of Eurytus
Iole was taken prisoner of war and became the wife of Heracles' son Hyllus. [177]
7.4 Perimede, daughter of Aeolus
Perimede married Achelous, and she bore him two sons, Hippodamas and Orestes. [178]
7.5 Pisidice, daughter of Aeolus
Pisidice married Myrmidon of Phthia. [179]
8 History of the rise and fall of Lapiths in Thessaly
8.1 Birth and expansion of Lapiths
In 1365 BC, a group from Arne in Thessaly, led by Lapithus, son of Aeolus, crossed the Peneius River and migrated to the lands west of Gyrton. [180]
In 1310 BC, Melaneus, son of Aeolus, founded Oechalia near Tricca, on the upper reaches of the Peneius River. [181]
In 1293 BC, Cercaphus, son of Aeolus, son of Lapithus, married Eupolemeia, daughter of Myrmidon of Phthia, and migrated to the western part of the Pagasaean gulf, near Itonus. [182]
In 1260 BC, Ischys, son of Periphas, migrated from Oechalia to Tricca. [183]
8.2 Golden Age of Lapiths
In 1246 BC, Ixion, son of Antion, son of Periphas, together with his son Peirithous, expelled the Perrhaiboi and Aeanianians (including the Centaurs) and captured Larissa and Gyrton. [184]
In 1236 BC, the Minyaens of Iolcus rebelled and killed Acastus, son of Pelias.
Minyaens was exiled by Peleus of Phthia and migrated to Lemnos. [185]
Also, in Pherae, near Iolcus, were the Minyaens, who had immigrated with Periclymene, the daughter of Minyas, the mother of Admetus, and revolted. Admetus, whose wife was Pelias's daughter Alcestis, also became involved in the rebellion and fled to Theseus, the son of Hippasus, the ex-husband of his wife Alcestis. [186]
In 1235 BC, Cercaphus' son Ormenus moved to the north of the Pagasaean gulf, near Iolcus, and founded Ormenion. [187]
Iolcus was destroyed, the powerful Minyaens were expelled from Thessaly, and the Lapiths, who grew stronger through marriage with the Myrmidons, also advanced into Phthia.
The Lapiths ranged from Tricca upstream of the Peneius River to the mouth of the Peneius River. It also extended to Magnesia, from the Peneius River to the Mount Pelion peninsula, and to the northern shores of the Pagasaean gulf.
8.3 Fighting the Dorians
However, Lapith's prosperity did not last long.
In 1227 BC, Coronus, son of Caeneus of Gyrton, invaded the land of the Dorians living in Hestiaeotis, but was attacked and defeated by Heracles. [188]
Cycnus, son of Pelopia, of Itonus, who joined Coronus, was also attacked by Heracles and was defeated. [189]
Furthermore, Ormenus of Ormenion was attacked by Heracles and was defeated and killed along with his son Amyntor. [190]
Eurytus of Oechalia in Euboea was also attacked by Heracles and was defeated along with his sons. [191]
8.4 Disappearance of Lapiths
In Homer's warship inventory, the number of Lapiths was roughly equal to that of the Phthians. [192]
However, the Lapiths lacked the power to take back their homeland from the Thesprotians who occupied Thessaly during the Trojan War, and the Lapiths of Thessaly disappeared. [193]
It was in 1186 BC.
The Magnesians continued to live in Magnesia as penestae (serfs) under the rule of the Thesprotians. It is believed that the former Lapiths were also included. [194]
During the Persian invasion of Greece in the 5th century BC, the Magnesians offered land and water to the Persian king. [195]
9 Lapiths escaped from Thessaly
9.1 People who participated in the Troy expedition
Polypoetes, son of Peirithous of Gyrton, and Leonteus, son of Coronus of Argisa, settled at Colophon in Ionia. [196]
Podalirus, son of Asclepius of Tricca, settled in Caria. [197]
9.2 People who remained in Thessaly
It is assumed that many of the Lapiths forced out of Thessaly by the Thesprotians fled to Locris and Phocis.
In 1126 BC, a group of settlers led by Agamemnon's great-grandson Malaus founded the Phryconian Cyme in Asia Minor. [198]
It is believed that the Lapiths, who had been driven from Thessaly, were included in the group.
The descendants of Peirithous of Gyrton migrated to Athens. The Athenians accepted Theseus and Perithous because of their friendship with them, and gave them land that was later called Perithoedae. [199]
Anticleia, the wife of Machaon, son of Asclepius of Tricca, took her children and emigrated to Diocles, the father of Pharae in Messenia. Anticleia's two sons, Nicomachus and Gorgasus, succeeded their grandfather Diocles and lived in Pharae in Messenia. [200]
10 Centaurs fought against Lapiths
The following tradition suggests that the Centaurs were a branch of the Aenianians.
1) The Centaurs, pursued by Peirithous, the son of Ixion, fled into the land of the Aethices, who lived in the Pindus mountains. [201]
2) The Aenianians who lived in Dotian were chased by the Lapiths and migrated to Aethicia. [202]
In 1390 BC, when the Pelasgians were driven from Thessaly, Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, assembled a tribe called the Aenianians. [203]
The Aenianians are also thought to be a branch of the Aeolis, who have lived in Thessaly since ancient times.
The genealogy of Mimas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen, and his son Hippotes, is unknown.
It is assumed that the son of Mimas or Hippotes, was the founder of the Aenianians and settled in Dotian after expelling the Pelasgians. [204]
Some of the Centaurs, chased by the Lapiths, fled to Arcadia and Aetolia, where they made a living as brigands, until they were destroyed by Heracles. [205]
Some of the Centaurs settled in Aethicia in the Pindus Mountains near the source of the Peneius River. Later, they migrated to the area near the Auas River in Molossia and became known as Parauaei. [206]
At the end of the 5th century BC, the Parauaei, led by Oroedus, sided with Peloponnesus during the Peloponnesian War. [207]
In the 3rd century BC, the Parauaei lived on the outskirts of Macedonia. [208]
End
