1 Progenitor Aeolus
In 1580 BC, Hellen's father Deucalion's grandfather moved north from Boeotia under pressure from the Hyantes and others. In Deucalion's time he founded Pyrrha (later Melitaea) near the source of the Enipeus, which flows from the south into the Peneius, which flows north of Thessaly. [1]
Deucalion had two sons, Hellen and Amphictyon. [2]
Hellen ruled Phthiotis, and the people of that region were called Hellenes or Hellas. [3]
Hellen had three sons, Aeolus, Xuthus and Dorus. [4]
Aeolus followed in his father's footsteps, living in Melitaea and reigning over Phthiotis. [5]
Aeolus married Aegiale and had five sons: Mimas, Cretheus, Hypseus, Sisyphus, and Athamas. [6]
The Aeolus clan came to be called the Aeolians. [7]
2 Mimas, son of Aeolus
Mimas followed in his father's footsteps and lived in Melitaea. [8]
In 1435 BC, Achaeus, son of Xuthus, whom Mimas' father Aeolus had driven out of Thessaly, attacked Phthiotis from Aegialus. Mimas migrated from Melitaea down the Enipeus to the north where it meets the Cuarius, which flows from the west, and founded Arne. [9]
The son of Mimas is only known to Hippotes. [10]
2.1 Hippotes, son of Mimas
Aeolus is the only known son of Hippotes. [11]
Homer believes that Hippotes was the father of Aeolus, the daughter of Hippotes' son Aeolus, the daughter of Melanippe. [12]
The descendants of Hippotes' son Aeolus will be discussed later.
3 Cretheus son of Aeolus
In 1420 BC, Tectamus, son of Dorus, son of Hellen, led many Dorians, Aeolians, and Pelasgians to Crete. The Aeolians were led by Cretheus. [13]
A group of immigrants led by Tectamus settled in eastern Crete. [14]
The daughter of Cretheus married Dorus' son Tectamus and had a son Asterius. [15]
Minos, the ex-husband son of Asterius' wife Europe, married Lyctius' daughter Itone. [16]
It is presumed that Lyctius was the son of Cretheus.
The reason is that Lyctius is believed to be the founder of Lyctus, one of the three great cities of Crete, along with Cnossus and Gortyna. The name of his daughter Itone is also in the name of the town of Thessaly, son of Amphictyon, reminiscent of Boeotus' father's name Itonus. [17]
The fact that the second Minos had a son named Deucalion also suggests that Minos' lineage was of Aeolian descent. [18]
4 Hypseus, son of Aeolus
In 1445 BC, Hypseus left Melitaea, the home of his father Aeolus, in search of land eastward, near Mount Pelion. Hypseus had two daughters, Cyrene and Themisto. [19]
Also, Deimachus, the father of Enarete, who married Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and bore many sons, may have been the son of Hypseus. [20]
4.1 Cyrene, daughter of Hypseus
In 1425 BC, Cyrene married Archander, son of Acaeus, son of Xuthus, who had returned to his ancestral land, Melitaea, and had a son, Aristaeus. [21]
In 1420 BC, a group of immigrants led by Cadmus passed through Thessaly. Due to this confusion, Achaeus emigrated with his sons to Peloponnesus. [22]
Cyrene also emigrated with Archander and her son Aristaeus. Archander then married Scaea, the daughter of Danaus of Argos. [23]
In 1402 BC, Archander migrated from the Peloponnesus peninsula to Egypt and founded Archandropolis on the Nile Delta. Cyrene and her son Aristaeus also emigrated to Egypt. [24]
Aristaeus emigrated to Sardinia, but Cyrene lived in Egypt all her life. [25]
4.2 Themisto, daughter of Hypseus
Themisto was married to his uncle Athamas, who founded Halus, midway between Melitaea and Mount Pelion, near the river Amphrysus, which flows from the west into the Pagasetic Gulf. [26]
In 1390 BC, Halus was washed away by a tsunami and Themisto emigrated to Boeotia with Athamas. [27]
4.3 Deimachus, likely son of Hypseus
Deimachus followed his father Hypseus to live near Mount Pelion, and had his daughter Enarete. [28]
Enarete married Aeolus, son of Hippotes, of Arne in Thessaly, and she bore him many children. [29]
5 Sisyphus, son of Aeolus
In 1407 BC, Sisyphus brought victory to Argos by joining Archander, son of Achaeus, who married Scaea, the daughter of Danaus of Argos, against Sicyon. [30]
Sisyphus received land east of Sicyon in return for his help and founded Ephyra (later Corinth). [31]
After this the region from Argos to Corinth was widely inhabited by the Aeolians who migrated from Thessaly following Achaeus and Sisyphus. The descendants of Sisyphus ruled Corinth until 1074 BC, when it was captured by the Dorians led by Aletes, son of Hippotas, son of Phylas, son of Antiochus, son of Heracles. [32]
Sisyphus had three sons, Aeetes, Aloeus, Thersander, and Almus.
5.1 Aeetes, son of Sisyphus
In 1407 BC, Aeetes, together with his father Sisyphus, aided Archander, son of Achaeus, in the battle against Argos and Sicyon. [33]
In 1390 BC, the Aeetes gathered people who had been hit by a tsunami and set out on a journey in search of a new world.
Aeetes sailed through the Bosporos Strait into the Black Sea, with the shore to his right. The Aeetes advanced to the eastern edge of the Black Sea and settled at Colchis at the mouth of the Phasis River. Aeetes, on the death of Sisyphus, was recalled to Corinth and inherited the estate from his father. Aeetes returned to Colchis again, leaving Corinth to his half-brother Almus' son Bunus. [34]
Aeetes is only known to his daughter Chalciope. [35]
5.1.1 Chalciope, daughter of Aeetes
In 1390 BC, when Aeetes migrated to Colchis, Aeetes' daughter Chalciope was married to Phrixus, son of her father's cousin Athamas. Chalciope immigrated to Colchis with her father and her husband. [36]
To Chalciope and Phrixus four sons were born: Cytissorus (or Cylindrus, Cytisorus, Cytorus), Presbon (or Phrontis), Argus, and Melas. [37]
Also, Perseis' son Aeetes inherited Colchis, and Aeetes' daughter Medea inherited Corinth. Therefore, Aeetes must have had a daughter who married Asterios, son of Minos, son of Europa of Crete, and became mother of Perseis (or Perse). [38]
5.2 Almus, son of Sisyphus
In 1360 BC, Almus migrated from Corinth to Orchomenus and was given land by Andreus' son Eteocles. [39]
Almus and Eteocles were related to Aeolus, son of Hellen, the progenitor of the Aeolians.
The Almus settled in the land north of Lake Copais in Boeotia, which later became the Olmones. [40]
When Eteocles died, the rulership of Orchomenus passed from the descendants of Athamas to the descendants of Sisyphus, and the sons of two daughters of Almus, Chryse and Chrysogeneia, ruled in turn. [41]
Almus, along with his other brother Thersandorus, was likely the illegitimate son of Sisyphus, since he was not given any fief by his father Sisyphus. [42]
5.2.1 Chryse, daughter of Almus
Chryse gave birth to her son Phlegyas. [43]
5.2.1.1 Phlegyas, son of Chryse
In 1355 BC, Phlegyas inherited the Orchomenus from Eteocles and founded the town of his name a little south of the town. Phlegyas gathered warriors from all over Greece, and they were called Phlegyans. [44]
5.2.2 Chrysogeneia, daughter of Almus
Chrysogeneia gave birth to her son Chryses. [45]
5.2.2.1 Chryses, son of Chrysogeneia
Chryses is named after his son Minyas. [46]
It is presumed that he also had a son named Iasius. [47]
5.2.2.1.1 Minyas, son of Chryses
In the time of Minyas, Orchomenus reached its peak of prosperity, built the first treasury, and boasted wealth, and its inhabitants came to be called Minyans. [48]
Minyas' daughter Clymene married Phylacus, son of Deion, who founded Phylace north of the Pagasetic Gulf of Thessaly. [49]
Minyas' daughter Periclymene married Pheres, son of Cretheus, who founded Pherae north of the Pagasetic Gulf of Thessaly. [50]
Minyas was succeeded by his son Orchomenus, whose inhabitants became known as the Orchomenians. [51]
5.2.2.1.2 Iasius, presumed son of Chryses
Iasius had a son named Amphion who lived in Orchomenus, with at least two daughters. [52]
The two daughters of Amphion married the twin sons of Cretheus, who lived at Iolcus in Thessaly. Phylomache married Pelias, and her sister Chloris married Neleus. [53]
5.3 Thersandorus, son of Sisyphus
Thersandorus, along with his other brother Almus, may have been the illegitimate son of Sisyphus, since his father Sisyphus divided the fief among his two sons, Aeetes and Aloeus. [54]
Thersandorus had three sons, Proetus, Coronus and Haliartus. [55]
5.3.1 Proetus, son of Thersandorus
Proetus married Antaia, daughter of Amphianax, and had a daughter Maera. [56]
Maera married Physcus, son of Amphictyon of Locris, and had two sons, Locrus and Aetolus. [57]
5.3.2 Coronus, son of Thersandorus
In 1371 BC, Coronus was adopted by his disinherited father's uncle Athamas, who gave him part of his estate and founded Coroneia on the south bank of Copais Lake in Boeotia. [58]
5.3.3 Haliartus, son of Thersandorus
In 1371 BC, Haliartus was also adopted by Athamas and given a portion of his estate, founding Haliartus from Coroneia towards Thebes. [59]
To Haliartus was born a son, Hippomenes (or Oncestus). [60]
Haliartus' wife is assumed to be Ascra, and Oeoclus is also presumed to be his son. [61]
5.3.3.1 Hippomenes (or Oncestus), son of Haliartus
In 1350 BC, Hippomenes founded Onceestus from his father Haliartus, closer to Thebes. [62]
From Sicyon Hippomenes married Epopeus' daughter Oenope and had two sons, Megareus and Plataeus, and a daughter Habrote. [63]
Hippomenes and Oenope were of the same kin, with Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, as their common ancestor.
5.3.3.1.1 Megareus, son of Hippomenes
Megareus married Iphinoe, daughter of Nisus of Megara, and had two sons, Timalcus and Euippus, and a daughter Euaechme. [64]
In addition, Megareus married Merope and had a son, Hippomenes. [65]
In 1264 BC, when Megara was attacked by Minos of Crete, Megareus joined his father-in-law Nisus and was killed. [66]
5.3.3.1.1.1 Timalcus, son of Megareus
Timalcus is said to have taken part in an expedition to Aphidnae with Helen's brothers and was killed by Theseus, the tenth king of Athens. However, it is also said that Theseus was absent at that time and that there was no battle. [67]
5.3.3.1.1.2 Euippus, son of Megareus
Euippus was killed by the Cithaeronian lion. [68]
5.3.3.1.1.3 Euaechme, daughter of Megareus
Euaechme married Alcathous, son of Pelops, who succeeded her grandfather Nisus and became king of Megara. [69]
5.3.3.1.1.4 Hippomenes, son of Megareus
Megareus' son Hippomenes married Schoeneus' daughter Atalanta and had a son, Parthenopaeus, who took part in Adrastus' sieging of Thebes. [70]
Parthenopaeus lived in Schoeneus near Tegea in Arcadia, while his grandfather Schoeneus lived in Schoinos, about 9 km north-northeast of Thebes in Boeotia. In 1256 BC, his grandfather Schoeneus had emigrated to Arcadia under pressure from Thebes. [71]
In 1215 BC, Parthenopaeus, trying to avenge his grandfather, joins in the siege of Thebes, but he is killed. [72]
5.3.3.1.2 Plataeus, son of Hippomenes
Copaeus, son of Plataeus, migrated from Onchestus to Lake Copais and founded Copae. [73]
5.3.3.1.3 Habrote, daughter of Hippomenes
Habrote married Nisus, king of Megara, and had three daughters, Iphinoe, Eurynome (or Eurymede), and Scylla. [74]
Iphinoe married her uncle Megareus. [75]
5.3.3.2 Oeoclus, likely son of Haliartus
Oeoclus was one of the founders of Ascra. [76]
Ascra is located near the headwaters of the Asopus River in Boeotia, and Aeolus, the river god of Asopus, is presumed to be the son of Oeoclus. [77]
Aeolus had a son named Sisyphus. [78]
Sisyphus had two sons, Ornytion and Glaucus. [79]
Glaucus' father, Sisyphus, was the son of Aeolus. [80]
5.3.3.2.1 Ornytion, son of Sisyphus
Ornytion inherited Corinth from his father Sisyphus and had two sons, Phocus and Thoas. [81]
5.3.3.2.1.1 Phocus, son of Ornytion
In 1230 BC, Phocus migrated from Corinth to Tithorea in Phocis and founded Daulis in the southeast of Tithorea. [82]
The area around Daulis was inhabited by the Thracians who migrated from Thrace with a group of Cadmus in 1420 BC. [83]
5.3.3.2.1.2 Thoas, son of Ornytion
Thoas inherited Corinth. Thoas' great-grandson was attacked by the Dorians, led by Hippotas' son Aletes. The Aeolians, who immigrated with their founder Sisyphus in 1407 BC, left Corinth in 1074 BC after living there for over 300 years. [84]
5.3.3.2.2 Glaucus, son of Sisyphus
Glaucus ruled over Isthmus, married Eurynome, the daughter of Nisus of Megara, and had two sons, Bellerophontes (or Hipponus or Bellerophon) and Deliades. [85]
5.3.3.2.2.1 Bellerophontes, son of Glaucus
Bellerophontes is said to have been called Bellerophontes because he killed a Corinthian of his kin named Bellerus. [86]
In 1243 BC, Bellerophontes fled from Isthmus to Iobates, ruler of Xanthus, on the river Xanthus in Lycia in the Asia Minor, and married his daughter Philonoe. [87]
Bellerophontes had two sons, Isandrus (or Peisander) and Hippolochus, and a daughter Laodameia (or Deidameia). [88]
Isandrus, son of Bellerophontes, was killed in a campaign from Xanthus to the territory of Solymi in Caria. [89]
Glaucus, son of Hippolochus, son of Bellerophontes, came from Xanthus with his cousin Sarpedon with his troops from Lycia to Troy, and fought against the Argives. [90]
Bellerophontes' daughter, Laodameia, married Euandrus, son of Sarpedon, an exile from Crete, and had a son, Sarpedon. [91]
Sarpedon, together with his cousin Glaucus, led an army from Lycia to Troy and was killed by Patroclus. [92]
5.4 Aloeus, son of Sisyphus
Aloeus was given Sicyon by his father Sisyphus. [93]
Aloeus married Canace, daughter of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, and had five sons: Triops, Hopleus, Nireus, Epopeus, and Aloeus. [94]
Aloeus is thought to have had a daughter, Ascra. [95]
5.4.1 Triops, son of Aloeus
Iphimedia, the daughter of Triops, married her uncle Aloeus and bore him two sons, Otus and Ephialtes, and a daughter Pancratis. [96]
5.4.2 Aloeus (or Haloeus), son of Aloeus
Aloeus married Iphimedia, the daughter of his brother Triops, and had a daughter Pancratis and two sons, Otus and Ephialtes. [97]
Aloeus is believed to have migrated from Sicyon to Anthedon, as the graves of his sons were at Anthedon on the coast of Boeotia. [98]
Aloeus migration is estimated around 1360 BC.
5.4.2.1 Pancratis, daughter of Aloeus
Pancratis, along with her mother Iphimedia, was abducted by the Thracians of Strongyle (later Naxos) in the Cyclades archipelago who were ravaging Thessaly. Pancratis was taken to an island where she was married to its ruler, Agassamenus. [99]
Her brothers then invaded the island and Pancratis was rescued, but she soon died on the island. [100]
5.4.2.2 Two sons of Aloeus, Otus and Ephialtes
In 1320 BC, Otus and Ephialtes helped Oeoclus, the son of his paternal cousin Ascra, to found Ascra near Onchestus in Boeotia. [101]
Onchestus was the bridegroom of their cousin Epopeus' daughter Oenope. [102]
In 1315 BC, they invaded the island to recover their kidnapped mother and sister and defeated the Thracians. They then migrated to the island and changed its name to Dia. Dia was the name of a deity worshiped in their ancestral land of Sicyon. The brothers died on the island and are said to have been buried in their hometown of Anthedon, but it is believed that their children continued to live on the island. [103]
5.4.2.2.1 Oenarus (or Dionysus), possibly son of Otus or Ephialtes
In 1285 BC, Naxos, son of Polemon, from Latmia near Miletus in the Asia Minor, migrated to the island, expelled the Thracians and changed the name of the island to Naxos. [104]
Naxos, who are called Carians, are thought to be the descendants of those who migrated from Crete and lived in Caria. At a time when Minos of Crete is pushing the Carians and others out of the islands of the Aegean Sea and expanding their dominion, it seems impossible to miss the largest island of the Cyclades.
Naxos' father, Polemon, is presumed to be the son of Miletus, son of Asterios, son of Minos, son of Europa. Naxos may have emigrated after being entrusted with Naxos Island by Minos.
Ariadne, daughter of Minos, was then married to Oenarus, a priest of Dionysus on the island of Naxos. [105]
Oenarus is also believed to be the son of Naxos. However, since the sons of Oenarus and Ariadne inherited Phlius of Argolis, Oenarus is presumed to be the descendant of Sisyphus, the founder of Corinth. Oenarus is therefore likely the son of Otus or Ephialtes, who lived on the island of Naxos. [106]
Oenarus was also called Dionysus because he performed Dionysus rituals. The source of the Dionysus ritual was probably brought to Boeotia by a group of Cadmus in 1420 BC, and to Naxos by Otus and others from Anthedon. [107]
In the days of Leucippus, son of Naxos, Oenarus and Ariadne led a party to the Peloponnesus peninsula to preach the rites of Dionysus. Their footprints are left in Argos, Sparta and Messene. [108]
In the company of Dionysus there was a company of the daughters of Dionysus and a company of the daughters of Leucippus son of Naxos. [109]
Dionysus was summoned by Melampus, son of Amythaon, who honorably buried Ariadne, who had died at Argos. He also made two of Ariadne's sons, Phliasus and Eurymedon, rule over the deceased Phlius. [110]
Ariadne's two sons are from Phlius on an expedition of the Argonauts.
The visit of the Dionysus group to the Peloponnesus peninsula is estimated around 1250 BC. [111]
5.4.3 Two sons of Aloeus, Hopleus and Nireus
The whereabouts of Hopleus and Nireus are unknown, but Creon's father, Lycaethus, later known as King of Corinth, may have been the son or grandson of one of them. [112]
5.4.4 Epopeus, son of Aloeus
In 1375 BC, Epopeus was adopted by his maternal grandfather Aeolus. [113]
Aeolus, ruler of Arne of Thessaly, had many sons, but none to succeed him, and is presumed to have adopted Epopeus, the son of his daughter Canace. [114]
In 1370 BC, Aeolus' daughter Melanippe and her son Boeotus, who had been kidnapped by the Pelasgians to the Italian peninsula, returned to Arne. Epopeus returned to Sicyon, with Boeotus succeeding his grandfather. [115]
After that, when Bunus, entrusted with Corinth by Aeetes, died, Epopeus, the grandson of Corinth's founder Sisyphus, also ruled over Corinth. [116]
Epopeus had his son Marathon and daughter Oenope, but the daughters of the river god Asopus are also thought to have been Epopeus' daughters. [117]
5.4.4.1 Marathon son of Epopeus
In 1350 BC, Marathon, the eldest son, emigrated from Sicyon to the seaside town of Attica, unable to bear the tyranny of his father Epopeus. [118]
Hellen's son Xuthus founded Tetrapolis in Attica, and after that Xuthus' son Ion emigrated to Athens. [119]
Marathon married the daughter of Erechtheus, the sixth King of Athens. [120]
The daughter of Cranaus, the second king of Athens, married Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, and the daughter of Erichthonius, the fourth king of Athens, married Xuthus, son of Hellen, son of Deucalion. [121]
The descendants of Deucalion and the royal family of Athens have long had a connection.
Marathon, after the death of his father Epopeus, returned to Sicyon, and after sharing the estates inherited from Epopeus to his two sons, Corinthus and Sicyon, returned again to Attica. [122]
Before Sicyon, son of Marathon, Lamedon was said to have been king of Sicyon, but the lineage of kings of Sicyon, after Orthopolis, son of Plemnaeus, to Lamedon was infamous. [123]
After Orthopolis was defeated by Argos in 1407 BC, the lineage was passed to Marathonius, son of Deucalion, but it seems that the king of Sicyon until Lamedon was nominal. [124]
5.4.4.1.1 Corinthus, son of Marathon
Corinthus was born and raised in Attica, inherited Corinth after the death of his grandfather Epopeus, but had no children. [125]
5.4.4.1.2 Sicyon, son of Marathon
Sicyon was born and raised in Attica and inherited Sicyon after the death of his grandfather Epopeus.
He married Zeuxippe, daughter of Lamedon, heir to King Sicyon, and had a daughter, Chthonophyle. [126]
5.4.4.1.2.1 Polybus, son of Chthonophyle
The mother of Polybus was Chthonophyle, daughter of Sicyon, son of Marathon, who ruled over Sicyon, but her father is not known. [127]
While Polybus was still living in Tenea, he adopted from Thebes Oedipus, son of Laius, son of Labdacus. Laius had several sons by his wife Iocasta, born before Oedipus. Besides Icasta, he also had a wife who gave birth to a daughter, Sphinx, and it is presumed that Polybus' wife Perriboea was probably one of Laius's daughters. Having no heir, Polybus is thought to have adopted his wife's younger brother, Oedipus. [128]
Soon after, Polybus had a daughter, Lysianassa. [129]
In 1276 BC, Polybus' grandfather Sicyon died, and Polybus emigrated from Tenea to Sicyon and succeeded his grandfather in ruling the town. Oedipus did not move to Sicyon, but succeeded Polybus in Tenea. [130]
Lysianassa, the daughter of Polybus, married Talaus, son of Bias of Argos, and had a son, Adrastus, who fled to his grandfather Polybus when Argos was in trouble. [131]
In 1238 BC, Oedipus led the Corinthians to suppress the Sphinx rebellion, returned to Thebes, and became king of Thebes. [132]
In 1236 BC, Polybus died in the fortieth year of his reign, and Sicyon was succeeded by his grandson Adrastus, who ruled the city for four years before returning to Argos. [133]
Tenea was on the highway connecting Argos and Corinth, but after Oedipus left, it became a poor village and came under the control of Mycenae. To do so, the inhabitants were forced to relocate and live in Tenea. [134]
Cleonae, ten kilometers west of Tenea, was the town founded by Atreus and where Agamemnon spent his childhood. [135]
5.4.4.1.2.2 Phlias, father of Polybus
Pausanias, a geographer in the 2nd century AD, reports that Chthonophyle, after giving birth to Polybus, gave birth to Androdamas, the son of Phlias, son of Dionysus. Pausanias also tells us that Phlias' mother was Araethyrea, and that Phlias was one of the Argonauts. [136]
However, there is also a tradition that the mother of Phlias (or Phliasus), who joined the expedition of the Argonauts from Phlius, was Ariadne, the daughter of Minos. [137]
The marriage of Phlias, son of Araethyrea, and Chthonophyle, daughter of Sicyon, occurred more than 60 years before the Argonauts' expedition, and produced Polybus, an unnamed eldest son who succeeded his father as Phlius, and Polybus, whose eldest son was his mother and She also had a daughter named Chthonophyle, and Chthonophyle seems to have married Phlias, who had participated in the Argonauts' expedition, and gave birth to Androdamas. [138]
About 5 km upstream of the Asopus River, which flows through Phlius, there was a village of Araethyrea, which was called Aras in ancient times, and was founded by Aras and his son Aoris. It is said to have been named after his sister's name. [139]
Araethyrea's son Phlias founded a new city about five kilometers down the river Asopus from Araethyrea, which had been founded by Aoris, and called it Phlius after himself. And Phlias took to his wife Chthonophyle, the daughter of Sicyon, from Sicyon. [140]
Of the sons of Phlias, Polybus, in search of new land, moved to Tenea, and his eldest son succeeded Phlias, and gave the born daughter the same name as his mother, Chthonophyle.
The eldest son died young, Polybus inherited Sicyon from his grandfather, and Phlius inherited by Chthonophyle's husband.
5.4.4.1.2.3 Chthonophyle's husband Phlias (or Phliasus)
Phlias' father was Oenarus, priest of the Dionysus rites on the island of Naxos near Delos, and his mother was Ariadne, daughter of Minos. [141]
In 1250 BC, a group of followers of Dionysus came from the island of Naxos to the Peloponnesus peninsula to spread their cult. [142]
The party was led by Oenarus and his wife Ariadne, who died at Argos and where she was buried. [143]
The party was invited by Melampus, son of Amythaon of Argos, who introduced his successor, Phlius, whose son had died, to Phlias, son of Ariadne, and arranged for him to marry Chthonophyle, granddaughter of Phlias, son of Araethyrea. [144]
In 1315 BC, two sons of Aloeus, Otus and Ephialtes, had their mother Iphimedeia and sister Pancratis kidnapped by the Thracians living on the island of Strongyle. [145]
Oenarus is thought to be the son of Otus or Ephialtes, since it is said that the people of Phlius and Sicyon cherish the sanctuary of Dia. [146]
The father of Aloeus, the father of Otus, was Aloeus, the son of Sisyphus, the founder of Corinth, and the father of Epopeus, the father of Marathon, the father of Sicyon, the father of Chthonophyle, was Aloeus, the son of Sisyphus. [147]
5.4.4.1.3 Oenope, daughter of Epopeus
Oenope married Hippomenes of Onchestus in Boeotia and had a son, Megareus. [148]
Onchestus was about 17km west-northwest from the Neistan gate of Thebes.
Onchestus was founded by Hippomenes' father Onchestus, a little closer to Thebes than Haliartus, founded by his grandfather Haliartus on land given to him by his adoptive father Athamas. [149]
5.4.4.1.3.1 Megareus, son of Oenope
Megareus succeeded his father, first married Merope and had a son Hippomenes. [150]
When Merope died, Megareus married Iphinoe, the daughter of Nisus of Megara. [151]
Hippomenes succeeded his father as ruler of Onchestus, and from the same Schoinos of Boeotia married Atalanta, the daughter of Schoeneus, and had a son, Parthenopaeus, who, together with Adrastus of Argos, attacked Thebes and died. [152]
In 1264 BC, Androgeus, son of Minos of Crete, was killed in Athens under King Aegeus, and the Crete forces under Minos attacked Athens and Megara, killing Megareus with Nisus. [153]
5.4.4.1.4 Harpina, daughter of Epopeus, said to be the daughter of the river god Asopus
Harpina married Alxion, son of Oenomaus, ruler of Heraea in western Arcadia, and she bore him a son, Oenomaus. [154]
Heraea was just before the Alpheius River, which flows from the Taygetus Mountains, enters Eleia from Arcadia, flows westward to the sea, and is joined by the Ladon River, which flows from the north.
His son Oenomaus, out of his father's dwelling in Heraea, founded a town near the confluence of the river Alpheius with the river Harpinates, after his mother's name, which he named Harpina. [155]
A little below the Alpheius, Pisa was founded shortly before Oenomaus founded Harpina. Oenomaus moved to Pisa and came to rule the surrounding area. [156]
5.4.4.1.5 Sinope, daughter of Epopeus, said to be the daughter of the river god Asopus
Sinope married Cytorus, son of Phrixus, ruler of Aea, on the east bank of Pontus, up the Phasis River. [157]
Cytorus was Sinope's paternal cousin, and her grandfather Aeetes was a settler from Corinth to the region called Colchis, centered on Aea. [158]
Cytorus' father was Phrixus, son of Athamas, who settled in Boeotia from Thessaly.
After Athamas' death, Cytorus' brother Presbon inherited the estate of Athamas in Boeotia, and Presbon's son Clymenus inherited the orchomenus, which had no heir. [159]
5.4.4.1.6 Salamis, daughter of Epopeus, said to be the daughter of the river god Asopus
Salamis married Scirus, presumed to be the son of Cecrops, the seventh King of Athens, of the island of Scyros, northeast of Euboea, and she bore him two sons, Aegeus and Cychreus. [160]
Salamis gave birth to Cychreus and soon died.
Scirus took his sons and left the island of Scyros and emigrated to Salamis, then called Cychreia, on the Saronic Gulf between Attica and Argolis on the Peloponnesus peninsula. [161]
5.4.4.1.6.1 Aegeus, son of Salamis
Aegeus was adopted by Pandion, the 8th King of Athens, who had no son, and emigrated to Athens, becoming the 9th King of Athens. [162]
Pandion was the brother of Aegeus' father Scirus and uncle of Aegeus. [163]
5.4.4.1.6.2 Cychreus, son of Salamis
Cychreus ruled the island of Cychreia and renamed it Salamis after his mother's name. [164]
Cychreus had no son, and his daughter Glauce married Telamon, son of Aeacus, who had fled from the nearby island of Aegina. [165]
5.4.4.1.7 Aegina, daughter of Epopeus, said to be the daughter of the river god Asopus
Aegina married from Sicyon to Actor, son of Myrmidon of Phthia in Thessaly. [166]
5.4.5 Ascra, thought to be the daughter of Aloeus
Ascra had a son Oeoclus. [167]
In 1320 BC, Oeoclus, along with his sister Iphimedia's two sons, Otus and Ephialtes, migrated and founded a town near the headwaters of the Asopus River, which flows south of Boeotia from west to east. Oeoclus called the city Ascra after his mother's name. [168]
Oeoclus' children are not reported, but it is presumed that Aeolus, called the river god of Asopus of Boeotia, was the son of Oeoclus. [169]
6 Athamas, son of Aeolus
In 1415 BC, Athamas migrated from Melitaea or Arne to the west bank of the Pagasetic Gulf east of Thessaly and founded Halus. [170]
The massive tsunami of 1390 BC reached within the Pagasetic Gulf and washed away Halus on the Gulf coast. [171]
Athamas emigrated to the eastern shores of Lake Copais in Boeotia and founded Acraephnium. [172]
The story of Athamas, estimated to be 55 years old at the time of settlement, and Ino, daughter of Cadmus, has been told by many, but is believed to be fictional. [173]
Athamas had sons with Themisto, the daughter of Hypseus, Leucon, Erythrius, Schoeneus, Ptous, Sphincius and Orchomenus, all of whom died young. [174]
By Athamas and Nephele he had a son, Phrixus, and a daughter, Helle. Phrixus emigrated to Colchis with his cousin Aeetes. [175]
With his heir gone, Athamas adopted two sons of his brother Sisyphus' son Thersander, Haliartus and Coronus, to succeed him. [176]
6.1 Leucon, son of Athamas and Themisto
Leucon, probably the eldest son and heir to him, died of illness. [177]
Probably due to a plague that swept through Greece in the summer of 1372 BC. [178]
Leucon had a son Erythras and a daughter Euippe. [179]
6.1.1 Erythras, son of Leucon
Erythras is said to have wooed Hippodamaeia, the daughter of Oenomaus of Pisa, and was killed by Oenomaus. [180]
But Hippodamaeia's marriage was after Athamas had adopted a child, and if Erythras had been there, Athamas would not need to adopt a child. It is presumed that Erythras died before Athamas could adopt him.
It is also said that the town of Erythrae at the foot of Mount Cithaeron in Boeotia was named after Erythras. [181]
But at that time the area around the land was inhabited by people who came with Cadmus, and it is unlikely that Aeolis could have settled among them. Later, when Thebes' power declined, the descendants of Erythras, who moved there, probably named it in his memory.
6.1.2 Euippe, daughter of Leucon
Euippe married Andreus, the first king of Orchomenus, and she gave birth to a son, Eteocles, who would become the next king. [182]
6.2 Schoeneus, son of Athamas and Themisto
In 1380 BC, Schoeneus founded Schoeneus about 9 km from Thebes towards Anthedon.
In 1256 BC, Schoeneus' descendant Schoeneus migrated to Arcadia under pressure from Thebes and founded Schoeneus, northwest of Tegea, between Methydrium and Anemosa. [183]
Atalanta, daughter of Schoeneus, married Hippomenes, son of Megareus of Oncestus of Boeotia, and had a son, Parthenopaeus. Parthenopaeus joins the Argives in attacking Thebes. [184]
6.3 Ptous, son of Athamas and Themisto
In 1390 BC, Ptous settled with his father Athamas on the east side of Lake Copais in Boeotia, but died before his father. [185]
On the east side of Lake Copais there was a mountain named after Ptous, and nearby was the sacred precinct of Apollo named after Ptous. [186]
Tenerus, the prophet who opened the famous oracle on Mount Ptous, is thought to be the son of Epopeus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, brother of Athamas, and Aeolis, the same as Ptous. [187]
6.4 Sons of Athamas and Themisto, Erythrius and Sphincius
Erythrius and Sphincius may have died young, since Athamas adopted sons of Thersandorus. [188]
6.5 Orchomenus, son of Athamas and Themisto
Orchomenus lived near Orchomenus, took Mideia as his wife, and had three sons, Aspledon, Clymenus, and Amphidocus. [189]
6.5.1 Aspledon, son of Orchomenus
In 1350 BC, Aspledon founded Aspledon about 4km north of Orchomenus across the river Melas. [190]
In 1340 BC, he founded Mideia, named after his mother, about 10 km southwest of Orchomenus. [191]
In 1260 BC, Lebadus, son of Lycaon, son of Pandion, was driven from Athens to Mideia by Aegeus. After that, the name of the town came to be called Lebadeia. [192]
6.6 Phrixus, son of Athamas and Nephele
In 1390 BC, Phrixus emigrated to Ephyraea with his father Athamas from Halus, east of Thessaly, which had been hit by a tsunami. Ephyraea was a town founded in 1407 BC by Sisyphus, brother of his father Athamas. [193]
In 1390 BC, Aeetes, son of Sisyphus, was preparing an expedition in search of new lands with the devastated inhabitants of Ephyraea (later Corinth). Phrixus took part in the expedition and married Aeetes' daughter Chalciope. [194]
Phrixus is known to have four sons: Argus, Cytissorus (or Cylindrus or Cytisorus or Cytorus), Presbon (or Phrontis), and Melas. [195]
6.6.1 Argus, son of Phrixus
Argus, the only one of his brothers whose whereabouts are unknown, is presumed to have inherited Colchis from his grandfather Aeetes.
6.6.1.1 Saulaces, likely son of Argus
Saulaces, ruler of Colchis, is said to be the descendant of Aeetes, ruler of Colchis during the Argonauts' expedition. However, Saulaces is said to have gained enormous wealth from the mineral resources such as gold and silver produced in the land of Suani around Colchis, and it overlaps with the Golden Fleece that the Argonauts aimed for, and it is said that it predates the Aeetes during the Argonauts' expedition. A person, possibly descended from the first Aeetes. [196]
6.6.2 Cytisorus, son of Phrixus
Cytissorus also sailed with his brother Presbon from Colchis to Greece and took to wife Sinope, the daughter of Epopeus of Sicyon. In 1340 BC, Cytissorus departed from Colchis in search of new lands and founded Cytorus in the middle of the south coast of the Black Sea. [197]
After that, a town built on the eastern side of Cytorus was named after Cytissorus' wife, Sinope. [198]
In Trojan War, the denizens of Cytorus sent reinforcements to Troy. [199]
6.6.3 Presbon, son of Phrixus
In 1360 BC, Presbon emigrated with his brother Melas to Boeotia, where his grandfather Athamas lived. After Athamas had adopted his son, Presbon was to inherit Athamas' fiefs, except those which Athamas had given to his adopted son. [200]
Presbon had a son, Clymenus. [201]
6.6.3.1 Clymenus, son of Presbon
Clymenus became the seventh king of Orchomenus when Orchomenus, son of Minyas of Orchomenus, died without an heir. [202]
Clymenus and Orchomenus, the former king, were of the same kin with Aeolus, son of Hellen, as their common ancestor.
Clymenus had five sons, Erginus, Stratius, Arrhon, Pyleus, and Azeus, and a daughter, Eurydice. [203]
Clymenus got into a fight with Menoeceus, son of Creon of Thebes, at Oncestus and was killed by Menoeceus' charioteer Perieres. [204]
6.6.3.1.1 Erginus, son of Clymenus
His eldest son Erginus succeeded his father Clymenus and became the eighth king of Orchomenus. Erginus invaded and won Thebes and imposed tribute for 20 years on Thebes. [205]
Erginus sent a man to Thebes to receive tribute, but he was driven back to Heracles. Erginus attacked Thebes but was defeated, and Orchomenus was attacked and defeated. [206]
Erginus later had two sons, Trophonius and Agamedes, but the legend is not credible. [207]
It is presumed to have been created based on the story of Trophonius and Agamedes, master craftsmen of Erginus' time. [208]
6.6.4 Melas, son of Phrixus
Melas emigrated with Presbon from Colchis to Boeotia, married Eurycleia, the daughter of Athamas and Themisto, and had a son, Hyperes. Hyperes lived near the springs of Hypereia at Pherae near Iolcus in Thessaly. [209]
6.7 Helle, daughter of Athamas and Nephele
Helle emigrated to Colchis with her brother Phrixus. [210] |
7 Aeolus, son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, and his wives
Aeolus was born in 1432 BC, the son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, and Melanippe. [211]
Aeolus had at least five wives.
7.1 Enarete, daughter of Deimachus
Deimachus was the son of Hypseus who was the brother of Aeolus' grandfather Mimas, and lived near Mount Pelion in eastern Thessaly, and it is presumed that Aeolus and his wife Enarete were also cousins. [212]
7.2 Protogenia, daughter of Deucalion
Aethlius, who founded Elis, was the son of Aeolus and Protogenia, daughter of Deucalion. So Protogenia was also Aeolus' wife. [213]
Protogenia's father, Deucalion, son of Dorus, son of Hellen, lived in Locris. [214]
7.3 Thyia, daughter of Deucalion
Magnes, guardian of Perseus, son of Danae, daughter of Acrisius of Argos, and father of the brothers Polydectes and Dictys, rulers of the island of Seriphus in the Cyclades, was the son of Aeolus. [215]
The father of Polydectes and Dictys, Magnes, was the son of Thyia, daughter of Deucalion, and the son of Aeolus. So Thyia was also Aeolus' wife. [216]
7.4 Stilbe, daughter of Peneius
The progenitor of the Lapiths Lapithes father was Aeolus and his mother Stilbe. So Stilbe was also Aeolus' wife. [217]
Stilbe's father, Peneius, is believed to have been the godfather of the river north of Thessaly, and presumed to be the son of Dorus' son Tectamus. [218]
7.5 Iphis (or Iphys), daughter of Peneius
Salmoneus' father was Aeolus, and his mother Iphis. So Iphis was also Aeolus' wife. [219]
Iphis was the youngest known wife of Aeolus.
8 Melanippe, daughter of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
Melanippe also appears in historical sources as Arne or Antiopa, but her real name seems to be Melanippe, the name of her grandmother. [220]
Melanippe married Itonus, son of Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, who migrated from Antheia in Locris to the west bank of the Pagasetic Gulf in Thessaly and founded Itonus. [221]
In 1390 BC, a massive tidal wave hit the coastal town of Pelasgians at Thessaly. Halus, founded by Athamas, son of Aeolus, near Itonus, was washed away by the tsunami. [222]
Although Itonus was a little inland and escaped the tsunami, it was attacked by the displaced Pelasgians. Itonus was killed in battle, and his wife Melanippe was taken as spoils by Dius, a Pelasgian. [223]
Melanippe was taken west with Dius via Dodona to the Italian peninsula. [224]
Melanippe was taken to Metabum (later Metapontium, now Metaponto) in the southern part of the Italian peninsula. Melanippe bore two sons there, Boeotus and Aeolus. [225]
Since Boeotus, who returned to Thessaly from the Italian peninsula, did not follow in his father's footsteps, but in his mother's grandfather's footsteps, it is presumed that Boeotus was not the son of Itonus, but the son of Dius. [226]
8.1 Boeotus, son of Melanippe
In 1370 BC, Boeotus returned to Arne in Thessaly with his mother Melanippe. Boeotus succeeded his grandfather Aeolus, and the inhabitants of Arne came to be called the Boeotians. [227]
Boeotus had a son, Itonus. [228]
8.1.1 Itonus, son of Boeotus
8.1.1.1 Lineage with two generations omitted
Tradition holds that the grandsons of Itonus, son of Boeotus, led the Boeotians in an expedition against Troy. [229]
But there is more than 150 years between Boeotus, born shortly after the expulsion of the Pelasgians from Thessaly in 1390 BC, and those who took part in the Trojan War as commanders. There are only two generations in between, and the interval between one generation is 50 years, which is extremely unnatural. Also, Peneleus, son of Hippalmus, son of Itonus, appears in both the Argonauts' expedition and the Troy expedition. With 60 years between the two expeditions, it seems impossible to join both expeditions. [230]
It is presumed that the grandson of Boeotus' son Itonus was probably named Itonus, the same name as his grandfather, omitting two generations.
8.1.1.2 Migration of Itonus to Boeotia
From various parts of Boeotia joined the Troy expedition, and when it became scarce the Thracians and Pelasgians invaded, and the Boeotians migrated to Arne in Thessaly. [231]
It is believed that the descendants of Itonus, the son of Boeotus, who lived in Arne, moved to Boeotia and became rulers of various regions before this, but no historical materials have been found to prove this.
It is presumed that the migration from Arne to Boeotia was as follows.
Itonus' grandmother Melanippe's husband Itonus was the son of Deucalion's son Amphictyon, who lived in Antheia in Locris, and had a brother named Physcius. [232]
Thebe, the daughter of Physcius, married Zethus, son of Antiope, in the village of Eutresis, a little near Thebes from Leuctra in Boeotia. [233]
Zethus, together with his twin brother Amphion, seized Cadmeia, then ruled by Lycus, son of Hyrieus, guardian of Laius, son of Labdacus, and founded Thebes. [234]
Locrus, the brother of Zethus' wife Thebe, also aided in this battle. [235]
It is also believed that Boeotus' son Itonus also cooperated. For Itonus was the son of Boeotus, son of Melanippe, the wife of Itonus, the brother of Physcius, the father of Locrus, and Locrus was a cousin. [236]
After this battle, the emigration from Arne to Boeotia took place. The descendants of Melanippe's son Boeotus spread out from their early settlements and the region came to be called Boeotia. [237]
8.2 Aeolus, son of Melanippe
In 1365 BC, Aeolus migrated from Metabum to the island of Lipara, northeast of Sicily, and married Cyane, daughter of Liparus, who lived there. Liparus had been expelled from the Italian peninsula by his other brothers and moved to the island of Lipara, but he wanted to return to the Italian peninsula. Aeolus helped Liparus settle near Surrentum (now Sorrento) at the entrance to the Crater Gulf (now Gulf of Naples). [238]
One of Aeolus' sons, Astyochus, inherited the island of Lipara, while other sons settled the northern coast of Sicily and the southernmost tip of the Italian peninsula. [239]
9 Calyce, daughter of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
Calyce married off Arne to her half-sister Aethlius, who founded Elis. [240]
10 Andreus (Minyas), son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
According to Pausanias, the first inhabitant of the land of Orchomenus was Andreus, son of the river god Peneius. Also, according to Apollonius of Rhodes, the founder of Orchomenus was Minyas, son of Aeolus. [241]
So, it is presumed that Andreus was the son of Aeolus and had the alias Minyas.
In 1380 BC, Andreus migrated from Arne in Thessaly to Boeotia and founded the Orchomenus. [242]
Andreus married Euippe, daughter of Leucon, son of Athamas, and had a son, Eteocles. [243]
10.1 Eteocles (Cephisiades), son of Andreus
Eteocles, after Andreus, ruled Orchomenus. [244]
11 Canace, daughter of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
Canace married Arne to Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, of Sicyon. [245]
12 Deion (or Deion or Deioneus), son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Enarete
In 1365 BC, Deion emigrated from Arne to Phocis. [246]
Deion married Xuthus' daughter Diomede and had sons Aenetus, Actor, Phylacus and Cephalus, and a daughter Asterodia. [247]
12.1 Anetus and Actor, sons of Deion
For Anetus and Actor only the name is given. [248]
12.2 Phylacus, son of Deion
In 1325 BC, Phylacus migrated from Phocis to Thessaly and founded Phylace northeast of the Pagasetic Gulf. [249]
From Orchomenus Phylacus married Clymene, the daughter of Minyas and Euryanassa, the daughter of Hyperphas, and had a son Iphiclus and a daughter Alcimede. [250]
12.2.1 Iphiclus, son of Phylacus
Iphiclus inherited Phylace from his father and married Diomedia, and had two sons, Protesilaus (or Iolaus) and Podarces. [251]
12.2.1.1 Protesilaus, son of Iphiclus
Protesilaus took his wife Laodamia, daughter of Acastus, from Iolcus, about 20 km northeast of Phylace. [252]
Protesilaus marched from Phylace to Troy and was the first to enter enemy territory, but was killed by Hector, son of Priam. [253]
12.2.1.2 Podarces, son of Iphiclus
Podarces also marched to Troy with his brother Protesilaus. [254]
12.2.2 Alcimede, daughter of Phylacus
Alcimede married Aeson, son of Tyro, of Aesonis in Thessaly, and became the mother of Jason, who led an expedition of Argonauts. [255]
12.3 Cephalus, son of Deion
Cephalus succeeded Deion.
12.3.1 Canes, son of Cephalus
Canes, following in his father's footsteps, took Euadne, the daughter of Pelias of Iolcus, as his wife. [256]
12.4 Asterodia, daughter of Deion
Asterodia married Endymion, son of Aethlius of Elis, and had her sons Epeius, Aetolus, Paeon, and a daughter Eurycyda. [257]
Endymion was the son of Aethlius, brother of Asterodia's father Deion, and was Asterodia's first cousin.
13 Macareus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Protogenia
In 1390 BC, Macareus, along with his brothers, Aethlius and Perieres, was the first of the Aeolians from Arne to cross the strait from Aetolia. [258]
After that, Macareus organized a colony made up of various tribes such as the Ionians and Pelasgians from the tsunami-stricken Corinth Gulf, and emigrated to Pelasgia (later Lesbos). [259]
Macareus expanded his sphere of influence by immigrating his sons to his neighboring islands, and Pelasgia was also called Macareus' home after Macareus' colonization. [260]
In 1340 BC, Lesbos, son of Lapithus, brother of Macareus, led a colony from Thessaly to the island, and Macareus married off his daughter Methyma to Lesbos. [261]
Methyma was the daughter of Macareus, brother of Lesbos' father Lapithus, and a cousin of Lesbos.
Macareus' eldest daughter, Amphissa, married into Ozolian Locris, after which the name of the town became Amphissa. [262]
Amphissa, in the Ozolian Locris, was founded in 1410 BC by Oresteus, son of Deucalion, from Cynus of Locris, who first migrated with his people.
Macareus' daughter Amphissa's husband is presumed to have been Oineus, son of Phytius, son of Orestheus. [263]
14 Aethlius, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Protogenia
In 1390 BC, Aethlius migrated from Arne to the Peloponnesus peninsula with his brothers Macareus and Perieres.
Aethlius migrated to the north of Eleia near the Peneius River and founded Elis. [264]
Aethlius married his half-sister Calyce and had a son, Endymion. [265]
14.1 Endymion, son of Aethlius
Endymion succeeded Aethlius and ruled over Elis. [266]
In 1340 BC, Clymenus, son of Cardys, immigrated to Olympia from Cydonia of Crete. Endymion banished Clymenus and brought Olympia under Elis' rule. [267]
Endymion married Asterodia, the daughter of Deion of Phocis, and had three sons, Epeius, Aetolus, and Paeon, and a daughter, Eurycyda. [268]
Asterodia was the daughter of Endymion's father Aethlius' brother Deion, and Endymion's first cousin.
14.1.1 Epeius, son of Endymion
Epeius, after his father Endymion, ruled over Elis. From Sicyon Epeius married Coronus' daughter Anaxiroe, and had a daughter Hyrmina. However, no son was born to succeed him. [269]
Anaxiroe was the grandson of Marathonius, son of Deucalion of Locris, and Epeius was the great-grandson of Deucalion's daughter Protogenia.
After Epeius' name, the inhabitants of Elis came to be called Epeians. [270]
14.1.1.1 Hyrmina, daughter of Epeius
Hyrmina was married to Phorbas, who had migrated from Rhodes at the invitation of Olenus, then ruled by Elis. [271]
14.1.2 Aetolus, son of Endymion
Aetolus succeeded Epeius, but was driven out of Elis by Salmoneus of Salmone in 1320 BC. Aetolus crossed the strait from the Peloponnesus peninsula to the mainland. He drove out the native Curetes, settled in their land, and called the country Aetolia after his own name. [272]
The descendants of Aetolus ruled Aetolia, but after 200 years returned to Elis with the return of Heracleidae. [273]
Aetolus married Pronoe, daughter of Phorbas of Olenus, and had two sons, Pleuron and Calydon. [274]
14.1.2.1 Pleuron, son of Aetolus
Pleuron married Xanthippe, the daughter of Dorus, whom he took prisoner when he fought the Curetes. This marriage revitalized the Curetes, who had been ousted by their father Aetolus, and led to a long-running feud in Aetolia. [275]
14.1.2.2 Calydon, son of Aetolus
In 1301 BC, Calydon married Aeolia, daughter of Amythaon of Pylus in Eleia. [276]
From Calydon's point of view, Amythaon's grandfather Salmoneus was the enemy who drove out Calydon's father Aetolus. Calydon is believed to have tried to oppose his brother Pleuron, who was gaining power by marrying the daughter of Curetes, through marriage.
14.1.3 Paeon, son of Endymion
Paeon migrated from the Thermaic Gulf, north of Thessaly, up the Axius River to a region called Paeonia after him. [277]
14.1.4 Eurycyda, daughter of Endymion
Eurycyda married Alector, the son of Salmoneus of Salmone, and had a son, Eleius, who became the godfather of the Eleans. Eleius begat Augeas (Augeus, Aegeas, Augeias), who later fought against Heracles. [278]
In 1244 BC, Augeas' eldest son Phyleus migrated from Elis to Dulichium (Dulichia) on the island of Cephallenia in Acarnania. There is an anecdote that Phyleus demanded that his father Augeas pay Heracles the reward he promised and was banished from his father, but it is presumed that Phyleus emigrated in search of a new land. [279]
15 Perieres, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Protogenia
In 1390 BC, Perieres emigrated from Arne to the northwest of the Peloponnesus peninsula with his brothers Macareus and Aethlius. [280]
15.1 Pisus, son of Perieres
In 1345 BC, Pisus founded Pisa on the banks of the Alpheius River south of Elis. [281]
In 1330 BC, Pisus settled at Pisa, and shortly afterward the Arcadians founded Harpina, just above the Alpheius River. The founder of the town was Oenomaus, son of Alxion, grandson of Heraeus, son of Lycaon, who founded Heraea near the confluence of the river Ladon, further upstream from the Alpheius. [282]
16 Macedon, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Thyia
In 1350 BC, Macedon migrated with his brother Magnes from Arne near Mount Olympus. [283]
Macedon married Oreithyia, daughter of Cecrops of Athens, and had two sons, Europus and Beres. [284]
17 Magnes, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Thyia
In 1350 BC, Magnes migrated with his brother Macedon from Arne near Mount Olympus. [285]
17.1 Polydectes and Dictys, sons of Magnes
Another tradition holds that two sons of Magnes, Polydectes and Dictys, lived on the island of Seriphus and were protectors of Perseus. [286]
However, there is no connection between the sons of Magnes and the island of Seriphus and Perseus.
17.2 Eioneus (or Deioneus), son of Magnes
Eioneus had a daughter named Dia. Eioneus is believed to have succeeded his father Magnes and ruled near Mount Olympus. [287]
17.2.1 Dia, daughter of Eioneus
Dia married Ixion, son of Antion, of Gyrton in the Peneius River valley, a little south of near Mount Olympus, and had a son, Peirithous (or Pirithous or Perithous). [288]
18 Lapithus (or Lapithes), son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Iphis
Lapithus migrated from Arne near the river Peneius, married Orsinome, the daughter of Eurynomus, and had three sons, Periphas, Lesbos, and Phorbas, and a daughter Diomede, and the family grew in power and was called Lapiths. [289]
Described separately in "Genealogy of Lapiths".
19 Salmoneus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Iphis
In 1335 BC, Salmoneus migrated from Arne near Elis, founded by his half-brother Aethlius. Salmoneus founded Salmone near the spring of Salmone, the source of the river Enipeus, a tributary of the river Alpheius. [290]
Salmoneus is known to have had only one daughter, Tyro, but he may have had a son, Alector. [291]
19.1 Tyro, daughter of Salmoneus
In 1338 BC, Tyro married Hippocoon of Pylus, near Arne, and had three sons with her, Amythaon, Pheres and Aeson. [292]
Hippocoon was a person called Enipeus river god, and Salmoneus seems to have lived on the opposite bank of the Enipeus river from Pylus. [293]
Pylus, the territory of Hippocoon, is near Crannon, and since Crannon was inhabited by Pelasgians, it seems that the town was founded after the Pelasgians who lived in Thessaly were driven out in 1390 BC. [294]
After the Pelasgians migrated from Thessaly elsewhere, Pronous, son of Deucalion of Locris, lived in Phthia, and Neonus, son of Helen, son of Pronous, supposedly inherited Phthia. [295]
Hippocoon, the brother of Neonus, is thought to have migrated north of Phthia near Crannon and founded Pylus.
In 1318 BC, when Hippocoon died, Tyro married her father's brother Cretheus, who lived nearby at Iolcus, and had her twin sons, Neleus and Pelias. [296]
19.2 Alector, presumed son of Salmoneus
Alector, king of Eleia, who summoned Lapithus' son Phorbas to Olenus, does not appear in the genealogy of Elis kings reported by Pausanias, a geographer of the 2nd century AD, but only by Diodorus. [297]
This Alector is thought to have been the son of Salmoneus for the following reasons.
Aetolus, who became king of Elis after his brother Epeius, killed Apis, son of Jason, who had entered from Pallantium of Arcadia in the chariot race of the Funeral Games for Azan, son of Arcas, at Lycosura, south of Arcadia. Later it is said that Salmoneus exiled him. [298]
But it was not the Arcadians who banished Aetolus, but Salmoneus, the same Aeolian. In other words, it seems that Aetolus' murder and banishment had no cause-and-effect relationship, and that it was a problem within Eleia.
In fact, Aetolus' emigration to Aetolia was not a mere exile, but a mass emigration accompanied by forces driving out the inhabitants of the destination.
Eleius, son of Emdymion's daughter Eurycyda, then estimated to be five years old, became king of Elis after Aetolus was exiled. [299]
Salmoneus banished King Elis, also an Aeolis, and his supporters, presumably because of the blood relationship between Salmoneus and Eleius. [300]
So Alector was the son of Salmoneus, and he married Eurycyda, the daughter of Emdymion, and had a son Eleius. [301]
After Aetolus' expulsion, Eleius became king of Elis, and Alector, as guardian of his young son, moved from Salmone to Elis to rule.
After that, Pelops, who came to the Peloponnesus peninsula, became king of Pisa, and overwhelmed the surroundings with the power and financial power of the Lydians who had migrated with him. Alector summoned Phorbas, son of Lapithus, the brother of his father Salmoneus, to rule over Olenus, then in Elis. [302]
20 Cretheus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, and Iphis
In 1350 BC, Cretheus emigrated from Arne to the north coast of the Pagasetic Gulf in Thessaly in search of new lands and founded Iolcus. [303]
Cretheus married Tyro, the daughter of his brother Salmoneus, and had twin sons, Pelias and Neleus. Cretheus is known to have five sons, including Amythaon, Pheres, and Aeson, the children of Tyro's ex-husband Hippocoon.
20.1 Pelias, son of Cretheus and Tyro
When Pelias was young, he was driven out of Iolcus by Mimas and fled to the islands of Sciathos and Peparethos in the Aegean Sea east of Thessaly. Pelias was then able to return to Iolcus with the aid of Cheiron (or Scyrius) of the nearby island of Scyros. [304]
This Cheiron was the father of Aegeus, the ninth King of Athens, and it is thought that Pelias and Aegeus knew each other, but their relationship is not confirmed. [305]
Tradition holds that when Cretheus died, Neleus and Pelias fought over kingship, and Pelias inherited the throne of Iolcus. [306]
However, since Pelias and Neleus jointly held the Olympia Games later, it seems that Neleus made Pelias succeed his father, and that Neleus himself sought a new land with Amythaon. [307]
The only known son of Pelias is Acastus. [308]
Pelias summoned his half-brother Aeson's son Jason to an expedition of the Argonauts, enlisting his own son Acastus to act as watchman. [309]
Pelias had at least nine daughters, four of whom are known to have married: Alcestis, Pelopia, Euadne, and Amphinome.
20.1.1 Wife of Pelias
Pelias married Amphion's daughter, Phylomache, and had a son, Acastus, and daughters.
Pelias also married Bias' daughter Anaxibia and had a daughter Alcestis. [310]
His first wife, Phylomache, was the daughter of Amphion, son of Iasius of Orchomenus, who was then wealthy. Phylomache's sister Chloris married Pelias' brother Neleus. [311]
20.1.2 Acastus, son of Pelias
In 1248 BC, Acastus took part in an expedition of Argonauts led by his cousin Jason. [312]
In 1246 BC, Acastus cleansed Peleus for accidentally killing Phthia's Eurytion in the Calydonian boar hunt. [313]
In 1245 BC, Acastus held a funeral competition for his father Pelias and succeeded his father as ruler of Iolcus. [314]
In 1236 BC, Acastus ruled Iolcus so forcefully that the Minyans, who had emigrated from Orchomenus and lived in great numbers in Iolcus, revolted. Acastus was killed by a mob and Iolcus was destroyed. [315]
20.1.3 Alcestis, daughter of Pelias
Alcestis married Hippasus, son of Eurytus of Oechalia. [316]
But Hippasus died, and Alcestis took her son Theseus and married Admetus, son of Pheres, who founded Pherae northwest of Iolcus. [317]
Pheres was the half-brother of Alcestis' father Pelias, and Admetus was Alcestis' first cousin.
20.1.4 Pelopia, daughter of Pelias
Pelopia married Aethalides, son of Cercaphus, of Itonus, WSW of Iolcus, and had her son Cycnus. Cycnus fought against Heracles and was slain. [318]
20.1.5 Euadne, daughter of Pelias
Euadne married Canes, son of Cephalus of Phocis. [319]
20.1.6 Amphinome, daughter of Pelias
Amphinome married Andraemon, son of Periphas, who lived near the Peneius River north of Thessaly. [320]
20.2 Neleus, son of Cretheus and Tyro
In 1295 BC, Neleus migrated from Iolcus to the northwest of the Peloponnesus peninsula with his half-brother Amythaon and his sons Melampus and Bias. Neleus founded Pylus up the river Peneius from Elis and a short distance up the tributary river Ladon. [321]
20.2.1 Chloris, wife of Neleus
Neleus' wife was Amphion's daughter Chloris, but several historical sources give two versions of Amphion.
The 1st-century BC historian Diodorus says that Amphion was Theban, and the 1st-century BC writer Hyginus and the 1st-century AD mythologist Apollodorus say that Amphion was the husband of Niobe. [322]
The 8th-century BC bard Homer said that he was Amphion, the son of Iasius of the Minyans of Orchomenus, who was prosperous at the time, and the 2nd-century AD geographer Pausanias also said that he was the son of Iasius of Orchomenus. The 1st century BC geographer Strabon reports that Chloris was from Orchomenus of the Minyans. [323]
The former succinctly states that Chloris' father Amphion was the son of Antiope of Thebes.
The latter is credible, as it specifically states that he was a child of Iasius of Orchomenus.
Neleus' youngest son Nestor also married Anaxibia (or Eurydice) of Orchomenus. [324]
Iasius is presumed to have been the son of Chryses, the son of Chrysogeneia, and the brother of Minyas, since his son Amphion was a Minyans who lived in Orchomenus.
20.2.2 Children of Neleus
Neleus had 12 sons, including Periclymenus, Taurus, Asterius, Pylaon, Deimachus, Eurybius, Epilaus, Phrasius, Eurymenes, Evagoras, Alastor, Chromius, his youngest son Nestor, and daughter Pero. [325]
Pero married Bias, son of Amythaon. [326]
Neleus also drove the sons of Amythaon far away, and forced his own sons to seek land in the south of Eleia.
In 1245 BC, the sons of Neleus founded Pylus near the eastern coast of Lepreus. It was called Triphylia, and was inhabited by three tribes: the Epeians (Eleians), the Minyans, and the Arcadians. [327]
There was a battle between the sons of Neleus and the Arcadians over the affiliation of Chaa near Lepreus, and Nestor showed valor. [328]
20.2.3 Expansion of Eleia
Neleus raised many cattle and made Pylus famous, but Augeas, who succeeded Eleius of Elis, also gave land in Eleia to his relatives and steadily expanded his power.
Augeas summoned his brother-in-law Actor from Olenus to Eleia, and Actor built Hyrmina near the sea west of Elis, and his twin sons Cteatus and Eurytus became commanders of Augeas. [329]
Actor's sister Astydameia's son Lepreus also founded Lepreus in southern Eleia. [330]
Moreover, Augeas also put under control Amarynceus, son of Pyttius, who had migrated from Thessaly, a little below the river Enipeus, south of Salmone, and had founded Buprasium. [331]
The positions of Pylus and Elis are reversed, and Augeas becomes the leader of all Eleia, including holding the Olympian Games in place of Neleus. [332]
20.2.4 Battle with Hercules
Heracles marches on Elis with an expedition centered around the Arcadians, Argives, and Thebans. [333]
Elis is occupied, but Heracles treats Augeas generously. [334]
Meanwhile, Pylus, home to Neleus, who had joined Augeas, was destroyed. The twelve sons of Neleus died in battle against Heracles, leaving Nestor, the youngest of the Gerenians of Messenia, to escape. [335]
Neleus, then over seventy years old, was spared by Heracles, and Nestor exchanged vows with Heracles at Stenyclerus' boar mound in Messenia. [336]
20.3 Amythaon, son of Hippocoon and Tyro
Amythaon is said to have held the Olympian Games before Neleus, and was twenty years older than Neleus. [337]
When Tyro remarried Cretheus, Amythaon was already married and had a son, Melampus. Melampus was born in Pylus. [338]
Beyond the river Enipeus from Arne of Thessaly was Phyllus, the dominion of Tyro's first husband Hippocoon. [339]
When Cretheus died, Iolcus was succeeded by Pelias, and Neleus was taken by Amythaon from Thessaly to Eleia. [340]
In Eleia lived Salmoneus, father of Amythaon's mother Tyro, who emigrated. [341]
20.3.1 Amythaon's wife
Amythaon's wife was named Aglaia. [342]
Aglaia's son Melampus was a prophet, and it is said that he invented the art of prophecy himself, or that he received it from the serpent. [343]
However, Melampus' prophecy was passed down from generation to generation. The seers of Acarnania who taught Hesiod the art of prophecy, and Megistias, a seer from Acarnania who participated in the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC, were descendants of Melampus. [344]
All four brothers of his father Amythaon were married to the daughters and grandchildren of Amphion, son of Iasius, the Orchomenus magnate of Boeotia, and Minyas. It is believed that Amythaon also married Aglaia from near Orchomenus.
Aglaia is the daughter of the prophet Tenerus, who opened a famous oracle on Mount Ptous, east of Orchomenus, and it is presumed that Tenerus passed on the art of prophecy to Melampus. [345]
20.3.2 Melampus (or Melampous), son of Amythaon
Melampus was born in Phyllus of Thessaly. [346]
Melampus emigrated with his father to Eleia and lived in Pylus. Melampus then migrated far south from Pylus to Triphylia. [347]
Melampus had two sons, Abas (or Manto or Mantius) and Mantius (or Antiphates). [348]
20.3.3 Bias, son of Amythaon
Bias was born in Phyllus of Thessaly. [349]
Bias married Neleus' daughter Pero, and had three sons, Talaus, Areius, Leodocus, and a daughter, Anaxibia. [350]
Bias emigrated with his father to Eleia and lived in Pylus. Bias then migrated far south from Pylus to Triphylia. [351]
Bias had three sons, Talaus, Areius, Leodocus, and a daughter, Anaxibia. [352]
20.3.4 Aeolia, daughter of Amythaon
Aeolia was born in Phyllus of Thessaly and married Calydon, son of Aetolus, of Calydon of Aetolia. [353]
20.3.5 Perimela, daughter of Amythaon
Perimela was born in Phyllus of Thessaly and married Antion, son of Periphas of Lapiths, who lived in Gyrton in the Peneius of Thessaly. [354]
20.4 Phares, son of Hippocoon and Tyro
In 1303 BC, the Pheres migrated from Phyllus in Thessaly to a place about 16 km northeast of Iolcus and founded Pherae. [355]
Pheres married Periclymene, the daughter of Minyas from Orchomenus, and had two sons, Admetus and Lycurgus, and two daughters, Antigona and Periopis. [356]
20.5 Aeson, son of Hippocoon and Tyro
Aeson was born in Phyllus of Thessaly, but shortly after his mother Tyro remarried, it is believed that he was taken to Iolcus as his stepchild. When he grew up, he married Phylace's daughter Alcimede and had two sons, Jason and Promachus. [357]
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